“團結”語詞的歐陸公法敘事──從思想到制度

在歐陸，“團結”語詞指向時至今日依然鮮活的制度運行。在歷史與經驗的視角中，“團結”語詞在歐陸的出現有著特定的思想背景。而後這一語詞進入公法理論，成為具有規範性的概念。“團結”的要求來自社會自身的結構；個人與他人構成的根本社會關聯之現實直接關涉經濟與國家的本質。通過歐陸典型國家的政治實踐；“團結”語詞的制度成果包括戰後憲法普遍所言的團結價值以及各主要國家社會團結的經濟制度與現行立法。在公法上；闡明“團結”語詞要求國家發現社會、保護社會；同時也包含社會中的人們對彼此承擔社會義務。自其誕生起；“團結”語詞就以對人的關懷為核心；以提高社會福祉為目標；以期實現對資本主義及其生產方式的約束與改造。

In the European continent, the conception of “solidarity” is very much alive in institutional operation to date. From the historical and empirical perspective, the conception of solidarity emerged against a specific intellectual background. Back then this conception entered the public law theory and became a normative concept. The requirements of solidarity rised from the structure of society, and the basic reality of social solidarity consisting of individuals and the others directly points to the nature of both economy and the state. Through political practice in the major European states, the institutionalization of the conception of solidarity includes the common language of solidarity in postwar constitutions and the system of social solidarity in legislation and economy. To elaborate the conception of solidarity in the realm of public law requires the state to recognize the existence of society and protect society, along with the social obligations people in the society take for each other. Since its birth, the conception of solidarity has centered on respect for human beings and targeted at improving social welfare to bind and reform capitalism and its way of production.