朱元璋宗教政策演變之探究

A Probe into the Evolution of Zhu Yuanzhang’s Religious Policy

在華夏歴史中以宗教之名而發動民變之事蹟不絕於史書，但成功一統中原的帝王僅有朱元璋一人，此與元代造就的風氣不無關係。元廷的宗教政策讓佛教世俗化、社會化，對各個階層皆產生了一定的影響，同時也讓後來顛覆其政權的民間秘密宗教藉機發展。元末之時天災人禍頻仍發生，屬於秘密宗教之一的白蓮教利用百姓需要心靈的慰藉而迅速壯大。因此以白蓮教組織為基礎的朱元璋在領軍初期便必須慎重考量，結果是選擇名義上依附韓林兒的大宋政權作為政治號召。儘管打著宗教的旗號並有著濃重的宗教色彩，但發展初期的朱元璋並不一味的以白蓮教為中心，相反的仍舊尊重佛教、招募地方精英、拜謁孔子廟等舉措。稱王之後，朱元璋便正式摒棄白蓮教，轉而以傳統的儒、釋、道三教為主要扶持的宗教以鞏固其政權。從此歷程中可以看出朱元璋在兼併各個勢力的過程中，依照現實的政治需要而逐步更改宗教策略，以獲得各方的支持穩定其政權，終至成功一統天下。

In the history of China, there are many stories of people’s uprising in the name of religion, but the only emperor who successfully unified the China was Zhu Yuanzhang, which was not unrelated to the ambience created in the Yuan Dynasty. The religious policy of the Yuan court made Buddhism secularized and socialized, which had a certain impact on all strata, and at the same time, it also gave the opportunity for the development of folk secret religions that later subverted its regime. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, natural and man-made disasters continued to occur frequently, and the White Lotus Sect, one of the secret religions, took advantage of the people's need for spiritual comfort and grew rapidly. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang, who was based on the White Lotus Sect organization, had to consider carefully in the early stage of leading the army. As a result, he chose the Song Dynasty regime, which was nominally dependent on Han Liner, as his political call. Although under the banner of religion and with strong religious overtones, in the early stage of development, Zhu Yuanzhang did not blindly focus on the White Lotus Religion. On the contrary, he still respected Buddhism, recruited local elites, and paid homage to the Confucius Temple. After he became king, Zhu Yuanzhang formally abandoned the White Lotus Sect and turned to the traditional Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism as the main religions to consolidate his regime. From this process, it can be seen that in the process of merging various forces, Zhu Yuanzhang gradually changed his religious strategy according to the actual political needs, so as to obtain the support of all parties to stabilize his regime, and finally successfully unified the world.