領導風格對護理人員工作士氣及留任意願之相關性研究

A Correlational Study of Leadership Styles and Nurses' Morale and Intention to Stay

背景：護理長是單位的靈魂人物，領導風格影響護理團隊組織氛圍。目的：分析護理長領導風格對工作士氣和留任意願之間的相關性，以及對各自的解釋力。方法：採描述性相關研究設計，方便取樣南部某醫學中心790位護理人員，橫斷性調查留任意願、工作士氣及對護理長領導風格的評價。結果：護理師評價護理長兼具轉換型及交易型二種領導風格，領導風格與工作士氣及留任意願三者間呈中高程度正相關性。單因子變異數分析發現資深、已婚、有子女、N3以上、有輪調經驗、公職護理師留任意願及工作士氣相對較高。階層迴歸分析控制變異因素後發現領導風格對留任意願及工作士氣分別具22%及28%的解釋力。轉換型領導顯著影響留任意願及工作士氣；交易型領導僅對工作士氣有顯著影響，但相對低於轉換型領導。結論／實務應用：護理人員對護理長領導風格的評價可能影響其留任意願及工作士氣，建議針對護理長領導能力的培訓需強化領導風格的內化，營造正向友善的工作環境，將有助於提高護理人員工作士氣及護理職場留任率。

Background: The leadership style of head nurses affects the organizational atmosphere of nursing teams. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between head nurse leadership styles and nurses' morale and intention to stay, as well as the explained variance for each. Methods: The descriptive correlational design employed in this study used a convenience sample of 790 nursing staff working at a medical center in southern Taiwan. We cross-sectionally surveyed each participant's intention to stay, morale, and perception of their head nurse's leadership style. Results: The participants perceived their head nurses as having both transformational and transactional leadership styles. A moderate to highly positive correlation was identified among leadership style, morale, and intention to stay. One-way analyses of variance found that the participants who were seniors, were married, had children, were at clinical ladder N3 or above, had rotation experience, and held a public servant position had relatively higher morale and intention to stay. After controlling for potentially confounding factors, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the explained variance of leadership styles on intention to stay and morale was 22% and 28%, respectively. Transformational leadership was found to significantly predict intention to stay and morale. However, transactional leadership significantly impacted morale only, albeit at a lower level than transformational leadership. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: How nurses perceive the leadership style of their head nurses may affect their intention to stay and morale while at work. Advanced training to strengthen and internalize leadership styles for head nurses is suggested. Creating a positive and friendly working environment is conducive to improving the morale of nurses and retention rates in the nursing workplace.