武丁時期人物「子商」史跡疏證

A Historical Exegesis of the Shang Personage“Zi Shang”of the Wu Ding period (c. late 13th cent. B.C.E.)

人物生命史的重建是古文字與古代史領域至關重要的研究課題，雖然欠缺文獻史料，但古文字材料的重新發現，得以適度彌補相關的不足。本文針對殷代「子商」此重要人物的史跡進行追索。卜辭顯示，此人活躍於晚商時期武丁執政的中段，曾參與一場大規模戰役，留下年代學上的線索，可加以排譜，而且在其他方面也保留了不少值得重視的文字記載。其次，此人的「子稱」攸關其身分與親屬關係的系聯，根據新材料，我們對當時貴族獲得子稱的先後現象做了進一步推測。而英國所藏「兒氏家譜」與子商之間的某些問題也有待釐清，本文將一併加以討論。

The reconstruction of a life history is an extremely important subject of research in the field of archaic scripts and history. Despite of the lack of archaic historical documents, the discovery of materials with archaic scripts offer some limited data. Focusing on an important person Zi Shang, I trace him to certain historical events. Examination of related oracle-bone inscriptions reveals that Zi Shang was quite active in the mid-period of Wu Ding reign (ca. late 13th cent. BCE). He participated in a major battle, and some academic clues allow the arrangement of his pedigree. Concerning other facets of his life, several precious documents are also extant. Furthermore, his“Rank Calling‘Zi子’”reveals the connection between him and his relatives. Stored in England, the archaic“Er Family Pedigree”has links with Zi Shang, which also need to be clarified. This article examines these questions, considered together.