"A Review of Synthesis, Electrochromic Polymerization, and Characterization of 4-Substituted Phenyl Containing Poly(dithienylpyrrole)s"

A Review of Synthesis, Electrochromic Polymerization, and Characterization of 4-Substituted Phenyl Containing Poly(dithienylpyrrole)s

Conducting polymers (CPs) exhibit some significant properties such as flexibility, processability, and inherent conductivity due to overlap bands gap between the conduction and valence bands. π-conjugated polymers provide high electron affinity and low energy of optical or electrical transmission because of the width of the energy gap between the lower conduction band and the higher valence band. Organic electrochromic (EC) materials have a lot of benefits, for example, facile synthesis via chemistry and electrochromism, low oxidation voltage, high stability for long turn cycling, great optical contrast, fast response time, huge coloration efficiency, and multiple optical chromaticities. The polymer structure of phenyl dithiophenyl- pyrrole backbone has π-conjugated line lead to electrons delocalized transformation from one state to other orbitals, therefore increasing the conductivity of materials. This mini-review summary a series of 4-substitutephenyl-2,5-dithienylpyrrole derivatives, namely (1-(4- (methylthio)phenyl)-2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-pyrrole (MPS), 1-(4- methoxyphenyl)-2,5- di(thiophen-2-yl)-pyrrole (MPO), and 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-pyrrol-1-yl)benzonitrile (ANIL), 2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl) pyrrole (TTPP), 2,5- di(thiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-pyrrole (DTTPP), and 1-(4-(furan-2- yl)phenyl)-2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-pyrrole (FPT), were synthesized by using Paal-Knorr reactions and theirs homopolymers (PMPS, PMPO, PANIL, PTTPP, PDTTPP, and PFPT) were integrated from electrochemical polymerizations. Theirs optical and electrochemical properties were introduced such as optical contrast, coloration efficiency, stability, and optical memory.