資料生態系與臺灣資料治理法制框架建構方向

The Data Ecosystem and The Future Direction of Developing Taiwan's Data Governance Legal Framework

「資料」在大數據、人工智慧、物聯網等新興科技發展過程中，扮演極為重要的角色。為促進經濟與社會發展，世界各國紛紛倡議運用新興科技進行數位轉型，使得資料運用需求大幅提升。一些國際組織或國家開始思考如何形塑一個足以支持數位創新活動的廣大「資料生態系」（Data Ecosystem），並試圖透過新資料政策之推動或資料治理法制之建構加以實現。從資料生態系中的潛在參與者及其互動關係可知，「參與者之間的信賴」與「資料可及性與可用性」是資料生態系形成與持續運作的基本條件。觀察歐盟、韓國與日本近期的資料政策與法制趨勢，本文歸納幾項有助於資料生態系形成與運作之資料治理法制議題，包括：強化資料當事人資訊自主、建構資料中介者信賴機制、釐清資料概念及資料貢獻者之權利義務關係、確立個資假名化概念、特殊目的資料利用機制之明確化及避免資料壟斷與不公平競爭，作為臺灣未來資料治理法制框架建構方向之借鏡。

Data' plays an extremely important role in the development of emerging technologies, such as Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and the Internet of Things. In order to promote economic and social development, countries around the world have advocated the application of emerging technologies for digital transformation, which has greatly increased the demand for data. Some international organizations or countries have begun to consider how to shape a large 'data ecosystem' that can support digital innovation activities and have tried to achieve it by proposing new data policies or legal frameworks related to data governance. In terms of the potential participants in the data ecosystem and their interactions, it can be seen that the trust, data accessibility, and data availability are the fundamental requirements for forming and maintaining a data ecosystem. Observing recent data policies and legal trends in the European Union, South Korea, and Japan, this article summarizes several legal issues contributing to the formation and operation of a data ecosystem, including strengthening the data subject's information autonomy, constructing data intermediary mechanisms, clarifying data concepts and the rights and obligations of data contributors, establishing the concept of pseudonymization of personal information, clarifying the mechanism of data use for specific purpose, and avoiding data monopoly and unfair competition, as references for shaping Taiwan's data governance legal framework in the future.