朝鮮正祖大王賓興選才之經義問對研究──以《詩經》為例

A Study on the Selection of Talents by King Jeongjo of The Joseon Dynasty: The Book of Odes as an Example

《賓興錄》是朝鮮正祖大王地方選才的紀錄。朝鮮中後期地方儒生囿於限制無法進入王朝擔任要職，加上科弊嚴重，經術不彰，正祖遂進行選才制度的變革。賓興取才分成「功令生」與「經工生」。探討賓興選才經工生條對，不僅可以理解賓興取才制度之背景、內涵、特色，以及經學研究在正祖選才的定位，也能更進一步明確比較及掌握抄啟文臣與地方儒生條對《經史講義》的內涵與經學研究情形。從條對的內容來看，抄啟文臣以及地方儒生對於正祖《詩經》條問，基本上宗主朱子《詩集傳》說法，不敢妄議，力求折衷；但在六義賦比興解說上，則能提出與朱子不同看法。正祖條問地方儒生雖然都是《詩經》基本問題，但年紀大的經工生條對經義內涵水平，並不下於青壯派抄啟文臣的條對。

The Binheungrok is a record of King Jeongjo of the Joseon Dynasty's selection of local talent for officers. The dynasty's social and economic environment changes resulted in a significant difference in educational resources between the peripheral and the capital; this, combined with the distortion of national examinations, significantly lowered the standard of ＂Jingxue＂ education. As a result, King Jeongjo decided to hold examinations for local talents in Gangwon-do, Gwan-buk, and Gwan-seo. The candidates' examination subjects were divided into ＂Gyeon-gongsaeng＂ and ＂Gong-lyeongsaeng.＂ Students at the ＂Gyeon-gongsaeng＂ must pass tests in academic subjects chosen by King Jeongjo. They must also answer 16 exam questions from King Jeongjo's book, A Handout to the Book of Songs. The candidates' responses will be chosen and added to recommendations by the local official, then sent to the capital, and finally included in King Jeongjo's book, The Notes on the History of the Classics. Because most of the ＂Gyeon-gongsaeng＂ students were elderly, King Jeongjo assigned them to serve as local education officers in charge of educating local children. Thus, King Jeongjo valued the regional education of local talents and the literary education of the courtiers' young and robust schools.