氣候變遷下減少林木病蟲害之碳保存效益分析

The effect of carbon conservation by mitigating tree pests and diseases under climate change

人類的活動，加速了溫室氣體的排放，導致全球平均氣溫逐漸升高，然而氣候的轉變，不僅僅是溫度的變化，而是全球氣候的異常；近年來全球暖化的名詞漸漸被「氣候變遷」所取代。目前減少溫室氣體的排放仍是全球的重要政策之一，其中森林扮演著關鍵的重要角色，林木可吸取並保存大氣中的二氧化碳，然而林木病蟲害的發生，卻造成林木受害，進而牽動著林木碳吸存效率。因此，本研究主要目的評估減少林木病蟲害防治之碳保存效益，以褐根病與松材線蟲萎凋病的防治成本總和作為森林碳保存效益之機會成本並進行評估。本研究結果顯示，防治褐根病的碳保存效益，以光蠟樹的碳保存效益最高，每年每公噸的碳保存效益為12萬7,551元。防治松材線蟲萎凋病的碳保存效益，以松類的碳保存效益最高，每年每公噸的碳保存效益為2,161元。本研究分析結果，期能為我國政府規劃溫室氣體減量政策有所助益。

Human activities have accelerated the emission of greenhouse gases, leading to a gradual increase in global average temperature. However, climate change is not only a change in temperature, but an abnormality in the global climate. In recent years, the term “global warming＂ has been gradually replaced by “climate change.＂ At present, reducing greenhouse gas emissions is still one of the important global policies. Forests play a key role in reducing greenhouse gas. Woods can absorb and save carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Nevertheless, the occurrence of forest pests and diseases damages forest and affects forest carbon sequestration efficient. In order to evaluate the benefits of carbon conservation strategies to reduce forest pests and diseases, the sum of the costs to control brown root rot disease and pine wilt disease was used as the opportunity cost of forest carbon conservation benefits. The empirical simulation results showed that the carbon conservation benefit of brown root rot disease control was the highest in Fraxinus formosana. The annual carbon conservation benefit per metric ton was NT$127,551. For the carbon conservation benefit of controlling pine wilt disease, pine has the highest carbon conservation benefit. The annual carbon conservation benefit per metric ton was NT$ 2,161. The model constructed in this research is expected to be helpful for Taiwan's planning of greenhouse gas reduction policies.