宋人蘇轍的記病與養生

Su Zhe's Writings of Illness and Regimen in Song Dynasty

兩宋文人養生風氣逐漸興盛，本文探討對象是較為人忽略的蘇轍。蘇轍自小體弱多病，但最後卻活至七十四歲高齡，勤於養生應是重要關鍵。文中從蘇轍的壯年、中年、晚年呈現其疾病及養生脈絡，觀察傳統文人在仕宦起伏下，如何面對人生多病、衰老與死亡，進而安頓自我。首先，蘇轍少年至壯年階段，由於肺脾雙失調，主要透過道教行氣與服食來祛疾抗衰。其次，中年的蘇轍生活型態有很大的轉變，外在環境遽變，導致舊疾復發外，又陸續罹患寒熱急症、傷足等，除持續修煉道術，祛疾養身外，尚透過參禪學佛以修習本心，以忘卻身體病痛、仕宦挫敗。晚年階段，宿疾纏老身外，最後尚罹患風痹。此外，隨著兄長蘇軾過世，及生命大限之逼近，蘇轍不再像以往熱衷道教養生，而是傾心坐禪，追求心不隨外物所轉的涅槃之境。蘇軾、蘇轍兄弟情誼為古代文壇佳話，兩人不僅在仕宦上彼此扶持，養生亦是如此，吾人可略見宋代文人養生文化之一隅，對後世應具有一定影響力。

The culture of literati regimen in Song Dynasty gradually flourished, this paper takes Su Zhe as the object of investigation. Su Zhe was often sick in his life, and once banished to Lingnan, he could rely on health preservation day to day and live to the age of 74. This article is based on three stages of Su Zhe's young age, middle age and old age, to explore how he treated illness and regimen. Su Zhe pursued physical and mental well-being, and then went beyond illness and death, to obtain life relief and eternity. Su Shi and Su Zhe not only supported each other in official career, but also maintained health. They both contributed to the Song Dynasty literati regimen culture and should have a certain influence on future generations.