北投地區高齡者住宿式機構日常活動空間舒適性及二氧化碳分布之研究

Study of environmental comfort of daily activities and it's carbon dioxide distribution in the residential institutions for the elderly in Betou.

據國發會最新資料推估臺灣於2025年高齡人口將突破總人口20%，成為超高齡國家。相關文獻證明提升空間舒適性能促使高齡者身心靈健康，同時是提升生活幸福感的有效方法。臺灣家庭結構朝向雙薪小家庭傾向，傳統由家庭照護高齡者已無法因應高齡社會的需求，住宿式長照機構的需求勢必大幅增加。住宿式長照機構的室內空間舒適性逐漸成為關注的議題，高齡者生理敏感下降，但生理易受生活環境及自尊需求浮動。本研究以臺北市北投某住宿式機構為例，透過Testo480儀器進行夏秋季熱舒適和室內空氣品質實測，利用CFD驗證環境對住宿式機構之舒適度影響。舒適空間主要原因為日常活動空間周圍有遮蔽太陽輻射之物體且為當季迎風面或空間本身就難讓太陽輻射到達。而不舒適之活動空間則因採光良好，周圍空曠無遮蔽，同時尖峰使用人潮聚集等問題導致日常活動空間熱累積影響舒適性。人潮聚集雖影響室內部分熱上升，但相較自然環境因素影響要來的小。透過空間分流使用及高齡者衣著量減少，可有效提高室內通風效益及二氧化碳滯留外，同時改善高齡者於日常活動空間使用時有較佳的舒適性。

According to the latest data from the National Development Council, it is estimated that the elderly population in Taiwan will exceed 20% of the total population by 2025. Relevant documents prove that improving space comfort promotes physical and mental health of the elderly. The family structure in Taiwan Province tends to be a small family with double pay, and the traditional elderly cannot meet the needs of the aging society by family care. The demand of residential long-term institutions is bound to increase greatly. Although the physiological needs of the elderly may have decreased, their mental states are vulnerable to the fluctuations of living environment and self-esteem demand. Taking a residential institution in Beitou District of Taipei as an example. The actual measurement of thermal comfort and indoor air quality in summer and autumn was carried out by Testo480, and the simulation was carried out by using CFD software. Verify the influence of environment on the comfort of residential institutions, and then provide suggestions for improvement. The results show that the main reason for comfortable space is that there are objects shielding solar radiation around the active space, and it is difficult for solar radiation to reach the windward side of the season or the space itself. However, the uncomfortable activity space is characterized by good lighting and open surroundings. At the same time, the heat accumulation in daily activities space affects the comfort due to problems such as peak use of crowd gathering. Although crowd gathering affects the indoor heat rise, it is less affected than natural environmental factors. It can effectively improve the efficiency of indoor ventilation and the retention of pollutants by using space separately and reducing the amount of clothes.