生態學模式應用於社區高齡者運動方案之介入效益

Interventional benefits of ecological models applied to community-based exercise programs for elderly

老年人口快速成長且比例急速攀升，因此，以運動方案促進高齡者健康顯得極其需要。雖然高齡者運動健康促進方案逐漸普及，但方案內容的運動專業性及推廣面向的問題仍有待釐清。本文旨在探討生態學模式應用於社區高齡者運動方案介入效益。透過生態學模式推動高齡者運動方案可從多層次面向增加方案介入，成為社區或機構高齡者規律運動的重要基礎，亦可增加高齡者個人身體活動量。其次，老化造成肌力、心肺耐力、柔軟度、平衡感及反應能力等各面向身體適能退化。因此，高齡者運動方案內容應針對長者衰退之處，以多元性體適能要素進行運動處方設計及介入，進而提升全方位高齡者功能性體適能。整體而言，根據社區及高齡者特性，採用相對應生態學多層次模式進行介入，並將多元性運動處方落實於在地老化之運動健康促進方案加以推展，將可有效提升或維持長者身體活動量及功能性體適能。

The population and the proportion of the elderly is growing rapidly. It is extremely necessary to improve the health of the elderly through exercise promotion programs. Although the exercise promotion programs for the elderly have gradually become popular, the issues of professionalism and promotion perspective of the programs need to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intervention benefits of an ecological model applied to a community-based exercise promotion programs for the elderly. Through the ecological model, the regular exercise promoting programs for the elderly in the community or organization can be implemented. Aging causes the deterioration of muscle strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, balance and responsiveness. Therefore, the exercise promotion programs for the elderly were aimed at the decline of deterioration. The intervention was carried out with multiple physical fitness elements to improve the functional fitness of the elderly. Overall, according to the characteristics of the elderly in community, the diversified exercise prescription of ecological multi-level model can effectively improve or maintain the physical activities and fitness of the elderly.