高強度間歇及爆發力導向的戰繩訓練對青少女壘球選手專項表現之比較

Comparison of battle rope training using high-intensity interval and power-oriented protocols on softball-specific performance in adolescent female softball players

前言：本研究比較戰繩訓練採用高強度間歇訓練 (high-intensity interval training, HIIT)和力量導向訓練 (power-oriented training, POT) 處方對青少女壘球選手專項表現的影響。方法：16 位來自同一支球隊的女壘球員（12-14 歲，外野手）被隨機分配到HIIT 組或POT組。兩組均接受每週3 次，共10 週的戰繩訓練；每次訓練包括4 個全身性戰繩動作，共執行4 至5 組。在HIIT 組中，每個動作皆進行15 秒連續最大反覆甩繩 (約8 下重複)，每個動作之間休息45 秒。在POT 組中，每個動作進行8 下非連續最大反覆甩繩，每下反覆之間休息5 秒、每個動作之間休息120 秒。使用相依樣本t 檢定評估組內訓練前和訓練後之間的差異。使用獨立樣本t 檢定比較組間訓練前-後的變化率差異。結果：兩組的有氧能力 (1600 公尺跑步時間)、手指肌力、軀幹旋轉爆發力、揮棒速度和投球速度均顯著進步 (p < .05)。HIIT 和POT 組之間所有測驗項目的訓練前-後變化率均無顯著差異。值得注意的是，在訓練前揮棒速度較慢 (45-67 公里/小時) 的球員中，POT 組 (n = 4; 26.7%)比HIIT 組 (n = 4; 19.7%) 有較佳的進步率 (p < .05)；此統計結果是使用Mann-Whitney U檢定所得。結論：採用HIIT 或POT 處方的戰繩訓練對青少女壘球選手專項表現具有相似的訓練效果。值得注意的是，採用HIIT 處方的戰繩訓練具有較佳的時間效率，而採用POT 處方的戰繩訓練則似乎在提高技術水平較低的球員在揮棒速度方面具有更好的優勢。在實務應用中，如果訓練的目的是要在有時間效率下提高青少年壘球選手的各項專項表現，推薦使用HIIT 的戰繩訓練。如果訓練的目標是最大限度地提高一次性爆發力動作表現，尤其是針對揮棒技術水平較低的球員，則建議採用POT 的戰繩訓練。

Introduction: This study compared the effects of battle rope (BR) training combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or power-oriented training (POT) on the performance of adolescent female softball players. Methods: Sixteen female softball players (fielders aged 12-14 years) recruited from the same team were randomly assigned to either the HIIT or the POT group. Both groups received 10 weeks of BR training involving three sessions per week; the protocol consisted of 4-5 consecutive sets of four whole-body BR exercises. In the HIIT group, each exercise was performed for 15 s (eight repetitions), with a 45-s rest interval between exercises. In the POT group, each exercise included eight repetitions, with 5-s and 120-s rest intervals between repetitions and exercises, respectively. A paired t-test was used to assess the difference between pretraining and posttraining performance. An independent t-test was used to compare the percentage change in performance from pretraining to posttraining between groups. Results: Both groups exhibited significant improvements in aerobic capacity (1600-m running time), finger strength, trunk rotational power, bat swing velocity, and throwing velocity (p < .05). The HIIT and POT groups did not differ significantly in the rate of change in performance in all tests. Notably, among players with slower swing velocity (45-67 km/h) at pretraining, the POT group (n = 4) showed greater posttraining improvement (26.7%) in bat swing velocity than the HIIT group (n = 4; 19.7%)(Mann-Whitney U test; p < .05). Conclusion: BR training combined with HIIT and that combined with POT have similar effects on adolescent female softball players’ performance. BR training with HIIT is time-efficient, while that with POT appears more advantageous for improving bat swing velocity in players with lower skill levels. In practical applications, if the aim is time-efficient improvement of softball performance of adolescent players, the BR program with HIIT is recommended. If the goal of training is maximization of one-time explosive movement performance, specifically the bat swing of players with a low skill level, the BR program with POT is recommended.