論互聯網平臺的犯罪控制義務

The Crime Control Obligation of Internet Platforms

在傳統犯罪和網絡犯罪此消彼長的背景下，新型網絡犯罪寄生於互聯網平臺運營的平臺生態系統之中。鑒於平臺承擔保障網絡安全的主體責任、負有防範用戶被害的道德義務及具備獨特的治理優勢，“基於平臺的治理”隨之興起。犯罪之平臺治理不僅有充分的事實和政策基礎，還有其獨特的規範依據。《互聯網信息服務管理辦法（修訂草案徵求意見稿）》《反電信網絡詐騙法（草案）》等法規範在概括性的安全保護義務基礎上，為平臺設定了專門的犯罪控制義務，要求平臺針對利用其服務實施的違法犯罪，履行以主動控制和響應控制為內涵、以犯罪風險規避為目標、以非法內容審查為路徑、以勤勉盡責為標準的法定注意義務。由此，平臺對犯罪控制義務的勤勉盡責履行成為平臺治理的基本實現路徑。

New cybercrimes parasitize the platform ecosystem operated by Internet platform corporations when traditional crimes fall but cybercrimes rise now. Platform-based governance appears because platforms are responsible for network security. They have unique governance advantages and the moral obligation to prevent users from infringements. There are sufficient facts, policy basis, and unique normative basis for platform governance. The crime control obligation of platforms is set in Administrative Measures for Internet Information Services ( Draft Amendment for Public Comment) and Combating Telecom and Online Fraud Law (Draft). Platforms shall perform the statutory duty of care for crimes committed through their services. The statutory duty of care includes active control and response control, aims at crime risk aversion and takes diligence as the standard. Its main method is the censorship of illegal content. The obligation of crime control constitutes the legal basis of the platform governance of crime, and the platform ' s diligent and responsible implementation of the obligation build the path of platform governance.