“職權主導型”刑事分案模式研究

我國刑事訴訟中存在著一種“職權主導型”刑事分案模式。在這一模式下，分案被看作是公檢法機關職權範圍內的事項，並服務於辦案需要，但是未能對被追訴人權利給予必要的關照。“職權主導型”刑事分案模式與域外的“權利主導型”刑事分案模式存在本質差異，其形成與我國刑事分案的服務型定位、公檢法三機關的關係以及案卷筆錄中心主義的傳統等有密切關係。該模式雖然與我國當前的刑事訴訟構造相契合，滿足司法實踐的需求，但是缺乏正當性內核，不僅有違程式公正，而且存在產生錯案的風險。未來有必要在堅持“職權主導型”刑事分案模式的基礎上對其進行優化，引入權利保障因素。具體可建立刑事分案的層層制約機制，賦予被追訴人分案參與權和救濟權，保障被追訴人分案審理中的對質權，並有必要阻斷前案裁判效力在後案中的擴張，以實現後案庭審實質化。

There is an 'authority-dominated' mode of case allocation in Chinese criminal procedure. In this mode, the allocation of criminal cases is regarded as a matter of the court, procuratorate and public security organs, so as to conveniently handle criminal cases. But it fails to give adequate attention to the defendant's right. Such a 'authority-dominated' mode is the result of the service-oriented position of the division in criminal cases, the relationship between the court, procuratorate and public security organs, and the tradition of centralizing on the files and notes, which leads to the essential differences between it and the 'right-oriented' mode in foreign jurisdictions. Although the 'authority-dominated' mode is con-sistent with current structure of Chinese criminal procedure and meets the requirements of judicial prac-tices, it lacks reasona basis, which not only violates the procedural justice, but also may lead to wrong convictions. In the future, we should take reform measures to optimize our 'authority-dominated' mode, including to introduce the elements of rights protection. Specifically, it is necessary to establish a tight re-striction mechanism of allocation of criminal cases, to grant the defendant's right to participate and seek relief in the division, to strengthen the defendant's right of confrontation, and to block the expansion of previous judgment in subsequent cases, in order to realize the substantiation of court hearing in subse-quent cases.