《西遊記》在泰國傳播影響新論

The New Study of the Spread and Influence of “Journey to the West” in Thailand

《西遊記》是泰國人熟悉的一部中國古典小說，奇異的內容和架構能讓讀者在書中獲得娛樂感，並產生極大興趣，讀者還可以從故事中學到各方面通俗或深奧的人生哲學。在故事人物勾畫方面，既有讓讀者矚目的中國歷史真實人物，又有幻想卻有趣的各類奇異動物。這些故事成分和組合能讓《西遊記》在文壇裡和世界「旅行」數百年，中國古典小說中極少有像《西遊記》這樣能隨著各種新科技、新媒體的發展而傳播，並與新時代緊密融合，在世界面前顯示其強大生命力的作品。《西遊記》隨著各種傳播途徑和媒介進入泰國，由於上述原因，它得以在泰國社會紮根生長。本文旨在介紹《西遊記》在泰國傳播的各種途徑，直接而普遍傳播並有據可考的途徑主要有：（1）泰譯全譯本《西遊記》及本土衍生品的傳播；（2）影視及網路等各種現代傳媒途徑的傳播。同時總體介紹了間接途徑─齊天大聖在泰國的信仰傳播。另外，整理出泰國兩大社會群體（華僑華人後裔和宗教組織）如何成為推動《西遊記》傳播的助力等新觀點以供討論。

Most Thais are familiar with Journey to the West. As a Chinese classical novel, it attracts and entertains the readers with its fantastic plot and structure, while containing philosophy of life, both plain and profound. The characters involved, including the real characters in Chinese history and all kinds of hilarious animals in fantasy, make the book popular in the world for hundreds of years. It is also one of a few Chinese classical novels which can be popularized with the development of technology and media. The novel embraces the new era and shows strong vitality. It became accessible for Thais through all kinds of approaches and went popular in the society. This paper aims to explore the modes of circulations of Journey to the West in Thailand. There are two direct modes which are based on solid evidence: A. through the Thai translated version of Journey to the West and the derivative works; B. through modern media such as films, TV dramas and internet. Besides these direct modes of circulation, this paper also shed light on a more indirect mode of circulation, namely, the popularization of the belief in Monkey King in Thailand. Another aspect for discussion is how two social groups in Thailand (the descendants of Thai Chinese and the religious organization of Thailand) facilitated the circulation of Journey to the West.