亞洲島嶼國家正產生獨特勞工移動文化？

Is a Unique Culture of Labour Migration Emerging in the Island Nations of Asia?

近三十年間，菲律賓、印尼這兩個群島國家，和斯里蘭卡這個島國，已然成為世界主要的勞工輸出國。這三個島嶼國家共有的另一個特徵是，在整體輸出的勞工之中，女性勞工佔了非常高的比例。本文從地理、人口與國際勞動市場等基本因素，以及鼓勵女性移民的國家政策等因素，說明女性勞工如何能大規模地輸出至海外。除了從已知的地理因素，以及人口過剩、必須向外謀生的推力來進行分析之外，本文也重視出於政治因素而形成的移民制度，特別是在亞洲島嶼國家。

In the space of three decades, three countries, the Philippines, Indonesia and Sri Lanka have become the main exporters of labor on a worldwide scale. Are island nations, such as the two archipelagos of the Philippines, Indonesia and the island of Sri Lanka, predisposed to the current large exodus of female migrant workers? Another record shared by these three countries: the very high percentage of women making up these migrant workers. This paper will analyze the principal factors of geography, population and the international labour market that explain this massive exportation of female migrant workers together with the state policies that are actively encouraging female migration.Beyond the determining geographical factor and the need to leave an overpopulated land to earn a living, we should indeed take into consideration the presence of a political will that contributed to the formation of a system of migration which is possibly particular to the island nations of Asia.