越南華人在戰爭期間的損失（1941-1947）

Inquiry into the Material Losses of Chinese in Vietnam during the War Time, 1941-1947

本文以外交部檔案及中國國民黨黨史館檔案資料爲基礎，探討越南華人社會在戰爭期間的物質損失，希望透過此一研究可以更加理解二次世界大戰（1941-1945）和越南獨立戰爭（1945-1954）前期對越南華人社會的衝擊。從檔案中我們發現一些特殊的現象，日本當局在中國政局分裂爲抗日的重慶（蔣介石）政府與親日的南京（汪精衛）政府的情況下，操縱華僑的認同分裂，讓親日的華人取得在商業的利益。在此段戰爭期間的華人不僅是移民者，也是在越南當地社會中經濟、文化領域的殖民者，同時也是法國政府管轄下的臣民、日本軍事當局的人質。但是，相較於法越衝突期間，在二次世界大戰日軍軍事管制經濟下的華人社會其所遭受的物質損失相對較少，而這樣的情況似乎反映華人無奈的地位；此際，精神方面承受的痛苦也許難以估計，但由檔案中若干經濟損害和創傷的紀錄，至少反映出戰爭的面貌之一。

In this article, we intend to clarify the life of Chinese society and the damage brought to it by the wars. This article is based on the diplomatic archives of the Republic of China which were stocked in Taiwan. We can understand better how and what were the impacts of wars, as WWII (1941-1945) and independent war (1945-1954), brought to Chinese society in Vietnam.In the National Archives of Taiwan, we found some materials shedding light on other aspects of overseas Chinese society. As the case of the Chinese in Vietnam showed Japanese authorities played the game of their split recognition of and loyalty to either the Chungking (Chiang Kai-Shek) anti-Japan Government or the Nanking (Wang Jing-Wei) pro-Japan Government, so to manipulate and to get profits from their commerce.We knew in this period a Chinese was not only an immigrant and a colonist in the economic and cultural domains, but also a French subject, as well as a Japanese hostage in Vietnamese society. This raises the following queries: What were the relations of the Chinese vis-à-vis to the Vietnamese, the Japanese, and the French? During the independent war, the Chinese was once again confined in the conflict. What was their damage during the conflict period?