族群天花板：越南台商工廠內部族群分工與職位升遷

Ethnic Glass Ceiling: Ethnic Division of Labor and Position Attainment in Taiwanese-owned Factories in Vietnam

跨國企業對外投資的影響，除了經濟面外，較少探討的是對於在地族群關係的重塑。本研究根據越南台商工廠內的多族群（台、陸、越、華）分工現象，探討形塑各族群在工廠中職階分佈的因素，以及這種分佈下，族群與職位流動的狀況。過去文獻上討論的「同質社會再生產」、「由下而上的族群適配」說法，雖然可以讓我們理解族群在企業組織的上階層或下階層的分佈與流動，但卻有其侷限性，特別是在解釋企業的中階職位流動與族群之間的關係。本研究發現，除了此兩個觀察角度外，人力資本論也是形塑這樣分佈與流動的主因之一。在台商工廠內部的族群升遷流動，會隨著此三種因素的綜合考量與時間的變動而變化。

In addition to economic impact, cross-border investment also influences local ethnic relations. This paper discusses ethnic division of labor and position attainment by different ethnic groups, ie., Taiwanese, PRC Chinese, Vietnamese Chinese and Vietnamese, in Taiwanese-owned factories in Vietnam. Using fieldwork interview data, we argue that lived experience, language skill, labor cost and local ethnic relations affect the distribution of different ethnic groups in the organization and their position attainment. We also probe possible attainment for different groups in the future.