東南亞華人的認同問題：對R. J. Coughling雙重認同理論的再思考

On the Identity Problem of the Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia: Reconsidering the Concept of R. J. Coughling's Double Identity (in Chinese)

本文主旨在探討先首由R. J. Coughlin（1960）所提出，論為東南亞華人既認同中國，又認同所居住的東南亞國家，即所為雙重認同（double-identity）的問題。三十多年前，Coughlin在東南亞華人將被完全同化及不被同化之間，採取了一種折衷的看法，認為經由西化的結果，華人將成為一種中間型，心理上既認同中國，亦認同其居留地，事實上其族群形象將保持不變。然而今天情況因地而異，Coughlin的結論值得重新檢討。作者並擬就雙重認同一詞再加銓釋，以實例証明唯有將族群的文化認同（cultural identity）和政治的國家認同（national identity）分別看待，始可掙脫困境，這才是雙重認同的可行方向，但須華人和當地政府的共同理解和合作才能實現。

This paper deals with R.J. Coughlin's concept of ”double identity” of the overseas Chinese in S. E. Asia, especially in Thailand, i. e., on one hand the Chinese have an identity with China, on the other, they also have an identity with the local nation-state. Having reconsidered that in terms of the present socio-political situation of S. E. Asia, the author finds that it is premature and unpracticable. Instead, the concept of ”double identity” should be regarded as separate items, namely, cultural identity with one's ethnic group and political identity with his local nation-state.