荷蘭時期澎湖灣海上轉運角色之形成及其運作

The Formation and Operation of the Role of Transport in the sea of Penghu during the Dutch period

關於荷蘭時代大員港的研究成果豐碩，對於荷蘭時期澎湖作為大員中轉中心的角色學者亦多有提及。近年江樹生教授《熱蘭遮城日誌》和《荷蘭聯合東印度公司臺灣長官致巴達維亞總督書信集》等中譯本陸續出版，使荷蘭時期大員國際貿易的研究得以進行。自1624年荷蘭人遷移至大員後，便積極佈署對明中國的貿易，由於中國不允許荷蘭船到沿海貿易，因此荷蘭人只能利用中國商人從事兩岸的貿易活動，又因為大員港條件不佳，不適合載重貸物的大型荷蘭船停泊，而澎湖灣比較平靜，只要荷蘭人不登陸澎湖島，就不會侵犯明中國主權，而中國官員也會默許荷蘭船在澎湖海上自由貿易。本文以《熱蘭遮城日誌》前十年（1630-1639）紀錄，討論為什麼澎湖海域會形成為大員的轉運中心？這轉運中心又是如何運作？從研究結果可驗證十七世界中葉澎湖海域在東亞航運史上繁榮和活潑的面貌。

Historical studies of the port of Tayouan in the Dutch era have been fruitful, and many scholars have mentioned Penghu as a transit role of Tayouan in Dutch time. In recent years, Zeelandia Daily and De missiven van de VOC-gouverneur in Taiwan aan de Gouverneur-generaal te Batavia(Chinese translation) have been published. Those were important historical materials for study of Taiwan history during the Dutch period. Since the Dutch settled down Tayouan in 1624, they had actively wanted to trade with China. However, China didn′t allow Dutch ships to trade along the coast. Therefore, the Dutch could only use Chinese merchants to conduct cross-strait trade activities. Due to the huge size of the Dutch ships such as Schip and Fluyt and the conditions of the port of Tayouan was not suitable for Schip and Fluyt with heavy cargo to anchor, the sea of Penghu had become the transportation center of Tayouan. Moreover, if the Dutch didn't board the land of Penghu, they didn't violate the sovereignty of the Ming Dynasty. The Dutch ships could sail freely and trade in the sea of Penghu. This paper focus on the sea of Penghu, how and when it had become the transportation center of Tayouan and how to operate at that time. In the middle of 17th century, the sea of Penghu showed the most frequent and lively appearance in the history of East Asian shipping.