2018年2月6日花蓮地震住宅空間家具家電震損與人員傷亡問卷調查分析

Damage Analysis of Residential Spaces and Casualties in the February 6th, 2018 Hualien Earthquake by Questionnaire Survey

在2000年後日本幾次大地震中，根據東京消防廳調查房屋結構未發生嚴重損壞時，住宅內人員受傷的原因約3成至5成是家具震損所造成，顯示室內空間震損對人身安全的威脅。國內受限於調查人力和住戶配合意願，迄今對於室內空間震損多為個案分析，缺少掌握整體震災特性的統計資料。有鑑於此，本研究首先回顧日本阪神地震後，幾次重大地震室內空間震損情形，並於2018年2月6日花蓮地震後，以花蓮市區震度6級以上（民國109年以前舊制）地區住宅為對象，藉由問卷調查釐清家具家電之震損，以及與人員傷亡的關係。在49戶回覆問卷中，傷者8人佔總人數150人的5%，受傷原因主要為玻璃碎片割傷與散落地面物品碰撞所致。空間內物品因地震而移動、掉落或傾倒佔據原活動樓地板之「散亂」情形，發生比例達5成~8成，而出現物品「傾倒」之比例為3成~8成，客廳與廚房是震損機率最高者。本文並進一步分析空間所在相對高度之上下部樓層區，以及地坪種類對物品傾倒發生率的影響。最後，針對主要家具和家電之震損，統計其發生率各約3成~6成及3成~4成，並分析得知書櫃、衣櫥等櫃體和電視機若有固定措施，可較直接擺放時顯著減少震損的發生率。

According to the Tokyo Fire Department, 30~50% of casualties in residence without severe structural damage in earthquakes occurring in Japan after 2000 are due to furniture and appliances. The statistics indicated their threat to interior safety. The goal of this study is to investigate the earthquake damage of residential furniture/ appliances and the relation with casualties. A questionnaire survey was conducted for the area attaining seismic intensity level 6 after the February 6th, 2018 Hualien earthquake. From 49 replies, 8 injuries among 150 people resulted in a 5% injury rate mainly by glass debris and clutter. The occurrence of clutter and overturning of objects in residential spaces ranged 50~80% and 30~80%, respectively, as living room and kitchen exhibited the largest probabilities. Factors affecting interior damage, such as flooring materials and location in height, were studied. For furniture and appliances, damage ratios, including sliding, falling or overturning, ranged 30~60% and 30~40%, respectively. Furthermore, survey results clearly demonstrated that book shelves and cabinets can reduce damage ratio substantially with proper fasteners.