南韓在美國與中國之間的避險戰略

South Korea’s Hedging Strategy Between the United States and China

當美中兩大強權在東亞仍然維持既競爭又合作的態勢時， 避險（hedging）遂成為亞太國家一個務實且富有彈性的外交政策選擇。本文認為，中國的「夥伴關係」外交在學理與實務上確實與傳統軍事聯盟存有差異。中國在後冷戰時期國際社會缺少意識形態對抗的背景下推動「夥伴關係」外交，透過改善對外關係而拉攏國際支持，進而使得周邊國家享有更多採取避險戰略的空間。南韓作為美國的亞太盟國，在美中之間的避險即為一項例證。本文認為，除非國際情勢與國際結構有明顯變化，短期之內中國應該不至於放棄「夥伴關係」外交。亞太國家也將會繼續採取避險戰略。

As the United States and China have remained the competition and cooperation in East Asia, hedging has become a pragmatic foreign policy object for the secondary states in the region. This article explores the differences between China’s “partnership” and traditional military alliances, attempting to explain the lack of a clear ideology in the post-Cold War era and its impacts on states’ hedging. Due to the strategy of “partnership” rather than the traditional military alliance, it has provided room for the surrounding countries’ hedging behavior. South Korea has represented one of the most appropriate hedging examples between Washington and Beijing. This study points out that unless there is a significant change in the international structure, China should not abandon its “partnership” strategy, which can explain why the risk aversion strategy is currently gaining more affirmation from the decision makers.