論田漢的南國小劇場運動與築地小劇場的淵源

On Tian Han's Le Midi Little Theatre Movement and its Relationship with Tsukiji Shōgekijō

「小劇場運動」是十九世紀末二十世紀初於歐美興起的戲劇運動，因其濃厚的實驗和藝術性質，對戲劇的現代化／現代性有著重要影響。本文以田漢（1898-1968）的南國小劇場運動為中心，溯及築地小劇場對其的影響，在資料和內容上均力求補充目前相關研究上的空白，亦希望從劇場實踐和戲劇運動的角度，重新考察南國戲劇運動的意義，以及聚焦於日本戲劇界在中國小劇場運動中所扮演的重要角色。本文首先討論田漢參觀築地小劇場的行程如何成為他歸國後即行開展南國小劇場運動的重要契機，以至在政治和戲劇上的雙重轉向；之後通過整理南國社社員的回憶，從舞台演出的實踐角度，闡述南國小劇場運動如何在舞台實踐方面呼應築地小劇場，以至重新理解田漢當時的獨幕劇創作作為先鋒劇場實驗戲劇的意義；接著指出《南國週刊》實際上是田漢引介築地小劇場的戲劇理論和實踐的重要園地，並重新理解田漢在戲劇活動上的左轉軌跡。

The ＂Little Theater Movement＂ is a dramatic movement that flourished in Europe and the United States at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Due to the strong experimental and artistic nature of the little theatre movement, it has had a profound influence on the modernization/modernity of drama art. This article focuses on Le Midi Little Theatre Movement by Tian Han (1898-1968), tracing back to the influence of the Tsukiji Shōgekijō, aiming not only to fill the current gaps in related research in terms of materials and contents, but also to re-examine the significance of the Le Midi Little Theatre Movement from the perspectives of theatrical practice and movement, and to focus on the important role of the Japanese theatre to the Chinese little theatre movement. This article first discusses how Tian Han's visit to the Tsukiji Shōgekijō became an important origin for his initiation of the Le Midi Little Theatre Movement immediately after returning to China, and how it led to his left-turn in terms of politics and drama. This article then expounds how the Le Midi Little Theatre Movement echoed the stage practice of Tsukiji Shōgekijō, and also re-understands how Tian Han's one-act plays acted as a pioneering practice in experimental theatre at the time. Finally, this article points out how Le Midi Weekly served as an important field for Tian Han to introduce the theory and practice of Tsukiji Shōgekijō, and re-understands the left-turn of the theatrical activities of Tian Han.