晚明陸化熙《詩通》的文學詮釋

The Literary Interpretation of Lu Huaxi's Shi Tong in the Late Ming Dynasty

明代自萬曆(1573-1620)以後的七十年間，由於崇情抑理的思想發展，科舉的八股制義取士、詩文評點的興盛、詩話的進展等原因，《詩經》文學性的闡釋曾興盛一時。本文以「《詩》之義或顯言之，或微言之，或正言之，或托言之，或反覆言之， 或參差言之」，乃「依文衍義」，以探究《詩》之情旨的晚明學者陸化熙的《詩通》四卷作為探討的對象。透過陸化熙的生平傳略、《詩通》的撰作與體例、《詩通》的文學詮釋等綱目的探究，以彰顯《詩通》在《詩經》詮釋上的特點、在《詩經》學史上的意義、價值與影響，並有以呈顯明代中晚期學者以文學徑路詮釋《詩經》的樣貌。《詩經》既是一部經典，也是一部詩集、一部文學作品。合《詩經》的經典詮釋、文學詮釋觀之，才能整全地來呈現、揭顯、理解《詩經》的詮釋傳統。

During the seventy years since Wanli (1573-1620) in the Ming Dynasty, due to the development of the ideology of advocating sentiment and suppressing rationality, the eight-part system of imperial examinations, the prosperity of poetry and essay criticism, and the progress of poetry, the literary interpretation of the Book of Songs has been blooming. To explore Poetry, this article has 'the meaning of Poetry' stated explicitly, stated subtly, stated correctly, stated elusively, stated repeatedly, or in a mixed way, to 'define the meaning according to the text'. The four volumes of Shi Tong written by the late Ming scholar Lu Huaxi serve as the object of discussion; through Lu Huaxi's biography, the writing and style of Shi Tong, the literary interpretation of Shi Tong and other outlines, this article discovers the characteristics of Shi Tong in the interpretation of Book of Songs; its significance, value and influence in the history of Book of Songs, and to show the appearance of scholars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty interpreting Book of Songs in a literary way. The Book of Songs is not only a classic, but also a collection of poems and a literary work. Only by combining the classic interpretation and literary interpretation of The Book of Songs can the interpretation tradition of the Book of Songs be fully presented, revealed and understood.