免疫療法對癌症病人及其家屬照顧者的身心衝擊與支持性照護需求

The Physical and Psychological Impacts and Supportive Care Needs of Patients With Cancer Undergoing Immunotherapy and Their Family Caregivers

近年來新興治療的篷勃發展，免疫治療為晚期癌症病人帶來延長存活期的希望，然而，在免疫治療抗癌歷程中，病人除了要面對病情變化、身心症狀外，還需面對特定於免疫治療的副作用及成效問題，這些都可能使病人及其家屬照護者更常處於害怕、焦慮、憂鬱或不確定感等複雜情緒之中，進而產生特定於免疫治療期間未被滿足的照護需求問題，由於現階段針對免疫治療期間，晚期癌症病人及其家屬照顧者的身心衝擊與支持性照護需求問題的論述文章相當有限。故本文將針對以下內容進行說明：（一）癌症免疫治療簡介；（二）免疫治療病人與家屬照顧者之身心衝擊情形；（三）免疫治療病人與家屬照顧者之支持性照護需求現況；（四）免疫治療病人與家屬照顧者支持性照護需求評估與措施，期望透過本文能幫助未來臨床上醫護人員瞭解面對晚期癌症病人及其家屬照顧者免疫治療期間身心衝擊和支持性照護需求，同時，建議未來可提供或發展的適切措施，進而提升他們的生活品質，增進臨床護理照護品質。

New, science-based cancer treatments have proliferated in recent years. Immunotherapy provides new hope for prolonging survival in patients with advanced-stage cancers. However, patients with cancer must not only face their disease progression, physical, and psychological symptoms, but also deal with the side effects and efficacy of immunotherapy. Patients with cancer may experience complex emotions such as fear, anxiety, depression, or uncertainty relatively frequently and may have many unmet care needs specific to immunotherapy. However, articles on the physical and psychological impacts and supportive care needs experienced by patients with advanced-stage cancers undergoing immunotherapy and their family caregivers are limited in the literature. Thus, this paper was developed to present (1) a brief introduction to cancer immunotherapy; (2) the physical and psychological impacts experienced by patients with cancer undergoing immunotherapy and their caregivers; (3) the status of the supportive care needs of patients and family caregivers during the immunotherapy process; and (4) an assessment of and intervention to address the supportive care needs of these patients with cancer and their caregivers. We hope this article will help clinical healthcare providers understand the physical and psychological impacts and supportive care needs of advanced patients with cancer and their family caregivers during the immunotherapy process. Furthermore, we suggest that appropriate medical care be provided or developed in the future to improve their quality of life during the immunotherapy process and to enhance clinical practices.