持續延展的生命傳記：中央研究院民族學研究所1950至1960年代臺灣原住民族的「田野照片」

An Ever-Extending Biography:“Field Photos”of the Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan from the 1950s to the 1960s in the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica

本文援引攝影生態系統的分析框架，依時序先後，梳理中研院民族所1950至1960年期間的田野攝影檔案，標註其生命傳記的三個重要節點：（一）1950至1960年代民族所專書專刊甲種納入攝影圖像進行研究成果發表，凸顯這批照片檔案的社會傳記。在此，攝影見證了實地田野調查，記述了田野工作的互動與科學性知識的產出及過程。沖印出來的照片圖像則輔助百科全書式的學科知識的呈現。（二）1950至1960年代攝製的實體照片歸檔與後續的數位建檔，指出照片檔案的物質傳記。類比到數位的物質／介面之轉換，使得圖像從圖片更為「自由」地游離出來。存活在0與1二進位物質世界的這批照片檔案，有了更為多元的運用可能，以及知識延伸路徑。（三）這批60年前的攝影圖像，藉由物質／介面的多元可能，因應變動中的學術思維、社會行動或事件，輾轉進入諸如學術公共化的場域及生態系統。隨著照片檔案從一個生態系統轉移到另一生態系統，它們的用途，價值和意義，亦即檔案的價值傳記也發生了變化。前述幾個可辨識的重要節點，其範圍或界限，本文一方面透過特定事例、活動，給予區辨、描繪與闡述。再一方面，將以此為基礎，探討中研院民族所臺灣原住民族研究的田野工作構想、知識生產方式、研究者與被研究對象關係與權力互動之演變，以及從中反映的中央研究院民族學研究所台灣原住民族研究之發展與學科建制的重要身影。

From the 1950s to the 1960s, a survey team organized by the Institute of Ethnology of Academia Sinica visited nine ethnic groups of Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples, as well as the living areas of several Taiwanese Plains Indigenous peoples. During the field investigation process, their cameras recorded various activities and objects in the field. The survey work spanned about 10 years, and by 1965, a large number of field record images had been accumulated. The contents of this batch of field photos include: photo images of the villages visited (far, medium, and close), the natural environment around the tribe, local plants, people, rituals, material culture, buildings, statues, weaving looms and utensils, etc. If the contents of the images are viewed in accordance with the sequence in which the photos were taken, it is possible to grasp the movement traces and routes of the investigators at that time to a considerable extent. Although the black and white photos are old, they can still show the people, things and details that are brought into focus by the lens. These field photos have also been widely used in research papers and ethnographic publications, and have survived to this day. These photographs of field investigations spanning 10 years enrich and illustrate three-dimensionally the research results written in each text, assist the presentation of early studies of Indigenous peoples in Taiwan, and support research hypotheses and concepts. These field photos not only “recorded” the social and cultural outlook of Taiwan’s Indigenous people at that time, but also left field footprints and genealogical knowledge for early research on the Austronesian peoples in Taiwan.
This article adopts the analysis framework of the photographic ecosystem to sort out the field photography archives of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, from 1950 to 1960, and annotates three important nodes of the photos’ biography: (1) From the 1950s to the 1960s, photographic images were included in the monographs published by the Institute of Ethnology as research results, highlighting the social biographies of this batch of photo files. Here, photography has witnessed fieldwork on the ground, describing the interactions within fieldwork and the production process of scientific knowledge. The developed photos and images assist in the presentation of encyclopedic knowledge of subjects. (2) Archiving of physical photos taken in the 1950s and 1960s and subsequent digital files points out the material biographies of the photo files. The conversion from analog to digital material/interface makes the images more “freely” released from the photographs. These photo files that survive in the binary material world of 0 and 1 have more diversified possibilities for application and knowledge extension paths. (3) This batch of photographic images from 60 years ago, through the multiple possibilities of materials/interfaces, has moved into the field and ecosystem of academic publication in response to changing academic thinking, social actions or events. As photo archives move from one ecosystem to another, their use, value, and meaning, including the value of their biographies, have also changed. The scope or boundary of the aforementioned important identifiable nodes is distinguished, described and explained through specific examples and activities. I also discuss the fieldwork conception, knowledge production methods, researcher—subject relationships, and the evolution of the power interactions of the Taiwan Indigenous peoples research at the Institute of Ethnology of Academia Sinica based on this, as well as the important figures in its development and institutionalization.