光緒朝的《儒林傳》纂修──以《儒林傳》存三十二卷本為中心的討論

A Critical Examination of the 32 fascicles of the Rulin Zhuan in the National Palace Museum

國史館為清代重要修史機構，然而相較於康雍乾嘉四朝，清代中晚期的國史館運作，則長期受到學界的忽略。本文選取過去學界未曾利用的國立故宮博物院藏《儒林傳》存三十二卷本為中心，透過不同傳稿的比較與史料分析，指出該稿是以繆荃孫為總纂，於光緒十四年繳交的傳稿為底本，在葉昌熾、惲毓鼎等史館人員修改下，增補部分人物，以及調整傳目後而成，以作為光緒三十一年再次續修《儒林傳》底本之用。檢視該史稿，不僅得以看出光緒朝國史館運作與盛清時期的差異，以及外部學術政治環境對史稿纂修的影響；更得以一窺晚清國史館在纂修過程中，對於體例擬定、新學科應對等問題所面臨的困境與回應。

The manuscript collection of the National Palace Museum includes a substantial number of manuscripts published by the State Historiography Institute of the Qing dynasty, among which is one of three extant versions of the Rulin Zhuan. Although this version of 32 fascicles is relatively complete, it has hitherto received little attention from researchers. By collating the text with related manuscripts and historical materials, this paper shows that the Rulin Zhuan is based on a manuscript completed by Miu Quansun in 1889. Miu's manuscript was later supplemented with biographical information supplied by other scholars of the State Historiography Institute, including Ye Changchi and Yun Yuding, and it was published in 1906 as the Rulin Zhuan. The history of this manuscript reveals the workings of the State Historiography Institute during the Guangxu period; how the State Historiography Institute of the Guangxu period differed from that of the High Qing; how the external academic and political environment influenced the compilation and editing of historical works; and how during the process of editing and redaction the State Historiography Institute dealt with various problems that arose, such as those relating to style and new branches of learning. The body of this paper consists of three parts: a discussion of the compilation and editing of the Rulin Zhuan during the early years of the Guangxu Emperor's reign; a detailed description and paleographic history of the Rulin Zhuan in 32 fascicles; and a discussion of the unique features of the Rulin Zhuan and its development during the Jiaqing and early Guangxu periods of the Qing dynasty.