以局部定位系統，探討不同籃球防守策略對球員移動之影響

Using a local positioning system to explore the effects of defensive tactics on the locomotion demands of basketball players

緒論：局部定位系統（LPS）能同時監控場上所有球員的移動數據並提供即時資訊，可用來評估球員在比賽中的外部負荷。然少有研究應用該系統探討不同防守策略之球員移動差異。本研究目的為比較不同防守策略對進攻球員與防守球員移動之影響。方法：本研究以10名大專公開組一級男籃球員於左肩上配戴LPS感測器監控每節分別執行半場盯人、半場區域、全場盯人、全場區域等防守策略的跑動距離與區間速度。使用魏克生符號檢定（Wilcoxon signed ranked test）比較相同防守策略下進攻與防守球員跑動距離及區間速度之差異；弗理曼二因子等級變異數分析（the Friedman test）比較進攻球員在不同防守策略間與防守球員在不同防守策略間跑動距離及區間速度之差異。結果：進攻球員的平均跑動距離顯著高於防守球員（2142.51±129.87 m vs. 2471.22±163.62 m, p < .05）；執行不同防守策略時，守半場區域的防守球員跑動距離最長，且守半場區域時高速移動時間最多；進攻球員突破不同防守策略時，以突破半場區域防守的進攻球員跑動距離最長，另外突破半場盯人的進攻球員高速移動時間最多。結論：進攻球員的跑動距離較防守球員長；防守球員執行半場區域防守時跑動距離與高速跑動時間皆為最多，本研究結果可提供教練於比賽中變化防守策略或調整進攻模式時參考。

Introduction: A local positioning system (LPS) can monitor players’locomotion data, providing real-time information that allows for the evaluation of external loads during a competitive game. However, few studies have used LPS to investigate the effects of defensive tactics on locomotion among basketball players. This study compared the effects of four different defensive tactics on the locomotion demands of both offensive and defensive basketball players. Methods: Ten male University Basketball Association Division I basketball players played four 10-min quarters of a simulated competitive game with LPS units placed on each athlete’s left shoulder. Players were instructed to use half-court man-to-man defense (MMD), half-court zone defense (ZD), full-court man-to-man defense (FMMD), or full-court zone defense (FZD). Total distance covered and distance covered in different speed zones were recorded by LPS. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was conducted to compare total distance covered and distance covered in different speed zones between offensive and defensive players for each defensive tactic. The Friedman test was used to detect differences in total distance covered and distances covered in different speed zones among the four defensive tactics. Results: Offensive players covered more distance on average than defensive players (2142.51±129.87 m vs. 2471.22±163.62 m, p <.05). Defensive players playing ZD moved the longest distances and covered more distance at high speeds than those using other defensive strategies. Offensive players attacking ZD covered the longest distances, but more distance was covered at high speed when attacking MMD. Conclusion: Offensive players covered more distance than defensive players. Defensive players playing ZD covered more distance and spent more time at high speeds. These findings can be used by coaches when considering how to change defensive tactics or adjust offensive strategies during a game.