英文摘要 |
An increase in transdisciplinary research has led to a number of cognitive neuroscience studies describing positive relationships between exercise, physical activity, physical fitness, and cognitive development in children and adolescents, providing new insights into the educational value of physical activity and exercise. However, practical applications of these findings from cognitive neuroscience research to physical education remain limited. This article aimed to associate cognitive neuroscience research with teaching practices in physical education. First, a narrative review was conducted to evaluate the complex relationships across exercise, physical fitness, executive function, classroom behavior, and academic performance. Second, we discuss the value of physical education by applying knowledge gained in lab-based cognitive neuroscience research. A review of previous studies revealed that exercise, physical activity, and physical fitness are positively associated with improved cognitive function in children and adolescents. Although such benefits may extend to classroom behavior, the effects of improved physical fitness on academic performance remain unclear. Despite diverse pedagogy, applications of knowledge gained from cognitive neuroscience studies to the teaching of physical education have remained limited. Therefore, whether and how physical education improves cognitive learning and development in students remain unclear. Thus, this review also discusses the possible associations between current pedagogical approaches and cognitive gains. We also speculate on the potential underlying mechanisms responsible for the association between physical fitness and cognitive development based on current hypotheses and models (i.e., the cognitive transfer hypothesis and the adaptive capacity model). Finally, to bridge the gap between lab-based findings and field-based practice, two examples of theory-into-practice teaching plans for physical educators at all levels were developed. In summary, this article may provide a more thorough understanding of the practical benefits of empirical findings and improve their implementation in school settings. |