明代石阡府的方志及其編纂：兼論黔東地區府志的編刊歷程

Local Gazetteers and Their Compilers: The Case of Shiqian Prefecture of Ming Eastern Guizhou

明代黔東長期行政建置包括思南、銅仁、思州、石阡、鎮遠、黎平六府，全是貴州最先設府的所在地，關於這些地區的明代方志如今多已不存，故各界對纂修次數看法分歧。以石阡府為例，部分認知僅修一次，即成化志一部。或主張曾修過永樂志、成化志、隆慶志共三次；也有抱持明代當地志書全不可考的論點。經過本文的考訂，論證石阡地區的府志在永樂朝修過一部，成化朝修過兩部，隆慶朝一部，萬曆朝一部，合計明代總共五修，與銅仁府、黎平府志書數量相同。過去的誤解，連帶對纂修府志人員的事蹟所知甚少，史實應該修正。黔東地區僻遠，官員猶如流放，修志成為平日政務外的寄託，也可彰顯教化治績，這些當是志書刊行的要素之一。隨著地方開發與修志理念進展，黔東地區志書內容和體例更趨完備，修志者還重視經濟民生及地方邊防事務。本文就明代石阡府佚失府志數量重新辯證，考訂參與修志成員及相關史實，兼論黔東地區的府志發展，歸結其修志歷程。

This paper examines the number of local gazetteers that were actually compiled in Shiqian Prefecture of eastern Guizhou during the Ming Dynasty and reconstructs the process of their compilation. Shiqian Prefecture was among the six oldest prefectures of eastern Guizhou in the Ming dynasty. Most of the local gazetteers of these prefectures have not survived, and historians have not even been able to reach a general consensus as to the history of local gazetteer compilation. For instance, with regard to Shiqian Prefecture, some argue that only one local gazetteer was compiled, i.e., the one compiled in the Chenghua era; others argue that there were three: one each in the Yongle, Chenghua and Longqing eras. Through careful examination, this paper reveals that there were in fact five Shiqian gazetteers in the Ming dynasty: one in the Yongle era, two in the Chenghua era, one in the Longqing era and one in the Wanli era. The number of prefectural gazetteers in Shiqian was therefore the same as for Tongren and Liping Prefectures. Moreover, this paper also sheds new light on the compilers of the gazetteers who were otherwise little known. To many officials, appointment to eastern Guizhou was equivalent to demotion to a remote and desolate corner of the dynasty. Therefore, as if to compensate for their career setback and frustration, and to leave a positive record of their good governance, some local officials in eastern Guizhou became unusually and highly devoted to the compilation of local gazetteers. Consequently, content of the local gazetteers in eastern Guizhou expanded and the editorship improved.