台灣不同類型大專校院之大學生健康促進生活型態及其影響因素

Health-promoting lifestyle and influencing factors among students from different types of universities in Taiwan

目標：大學是青少年邁入成年的關鍵，此時養成促進健康的生活方式（HPL）將有助於遠 離慢性疾病。本研究欲探討不同類型大學學生的HPL現況及影響因素。方法：以台灣大學生為 對象，採二階段抽樣進行自填問卷，先依學校區域、公私立、定向，分層隨機抽出37所學校， 再於各校依學號隨機抽出受試學生，共回收1,062份有效問卷。結果：大學生的健康促進生活型 態量表（HPLP-S）得分在中等程度之上，但營養、運動和健康責任得分較低。多元逐步迴歸 分析顯示，女性、自覺健康狀況低分、健康概念之角色功能性、安寧幸福性或臨床性低分，為所有大學生HPLP-S相對消極的重要因素；而可支配金額較低、有進食宵夜可做為公立大學的 參考因素，運動時間不足為私立大學的參考因素，有進食宵夜為一般大學的參考因素，運動時 間不足、外食次數過多為技職校院的參考因素。結論：本研究建議各類型大學現階段亟需針對前述學生，積極規劃正確飲食搭配規律運動的衛教方案，並灌輸對自身健康負責的正確觀念。

Objectives: University sees the transition from adolescence to adulthood and the development of habits. A health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) developed during this period may help individuals avoid chronic diseases in adulthood. This study discussed HPL and its influencing factors among students from different types of universities. Methods: Two-stage sampling was adopted. Firstly, universities were stratified and randomly selected according to the region, ownership, and orientation in Taiwan. Students were then randomly selected according to their respective school ID numbers, and completed self-administered questionnaires that covered personal factors, health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP-S), perceived health status (PHS), and health conception (HC). A total of 1,062 valid questionnaires were collected from 37 universities. Results: The score for students’ HPLP-S was 3.34, above the midpoint. However, the scores for nutrition, exercise, and health responsibility subscales of HPLP-S were relatively low. Additionally, female students, low PHS scores, and low scores for the functional/role performance, eudaimonistic, and clinical subscales of HC were each associated with a negative HPLP-S of students from all types of universities. Low disposable income and night-snacking were factors that could be considered by public universities. Inadequate physical activity was factor that could be considered by private universities. Night-snacking was factor that could be considered by general universities. And inadequate physical activity and excessive dining-out were factors that could be considered by vocational colleges. Conclusions: We believe that it is vital to provide plans featuring correct diet combined with regular exercise to students with poor health-promoting behaviours to promote responsibility for their own health.