解構美容醫學之法律關係

Deconstruction of the Legal Relationship of Cosmetic Medicine

美容醫療行為之實質內容固然與一般醫療行為類似，但由於其非必要性、非急迫性及帶有商業營利性質等特徵，與一般醫療行為在本質上具備重大差異，從而我國法律學者及實務家多有認為，美容醫療行為在法律責任之認定上，應較一般醫療行為適用以更嚴格之標準。具體而言，在刑事法領域，從事美容醫學之醫師將被課予嚴格之告知說明義務，醫師必須針對美容醫療之風險、副作用、失敗率與失敗結果等不利事項，進行毫不掩飾與保留之告知說明，若未適當履行說明義務，即會導致病人之同意無效，醫師將因而成立過失傷害罪；在民事法領域，從事美容醫學之醫師，除被課予較高程度之告知說明義務外，其所為之美容醫療行為亦可能被適用以消費者保護法，而被課予無過失損害賠償責任，抑或其所為之醫療給付被認定為其承攬契約性質，而被課予無過失瑕疵修補責任；在行政法領域，從事美容醫學之醫療機構所為之醫療廣告，除受醫療法之規制外，亦可能被課予消費者保護法第22條履行廣告內容之法律責任。

The essence of cosmetic medical behavior is similar to general medical behavior, but due to its non-necessity, non-urgency, and commercial-profit nature, it is fundamentally different from general medical behavior. Therefore, legal scholars and practitioners usually propose that the determination of legal responsibility for cosmetic medical behaviors should be more stringent than that of general medical behaviors. Specifically, in the field of criminal law, physicians engaged in cosmetic medicine will be subject to a strict obligation to inform and explain. Physicians must make no concealment and reservations about the risks, side effects, failure rates and failure results of cosmetic medicine. If the obligation to explain is not properly fulfilled, the patient consent will be invalid, and the physician will be convicted of negligent injury; In the field of civil law, the cosmetic medical behaviors performed may be subject to the Consumer Protection Act, and physicians may be charged with no-fault compensation for damages, or their medical payments are deemed to be a hire of work contract, and they may be charged with no-fault defect repair liability; In the field of administrative law, in addition to being regulated by the Medical Care Act, medical advertisements conducted by medical institutions engaged in cosmetic medicine may also be subject to Article 22 of the Consumer Protection Act to fulfill the legal responsibility for the content of advertisements.