論歷代宋詩總集的編纂語境

On the Compiling Context of the Song Poetry Collections in the Past Dynasties

編者編纂宋詩總集不僅只是一種單純的文學行為，而是出自明確的編纂動機，有著一定的文化生成機制與文學生態環境。首先，就政治語境而言，統治者借文學總集的編纂來鼓吹聖明，強力推行帝王的文治思想或主流詩學觀；文人為確立詩歌典範，倡導儒家傳統詩教，以化育廣大讀者；遺民則多借此表達自己的政治情緒。其次，就教育語境而言，宋詩總集可用以揭示寫作途徑，指導初學，或用以自娛娛人。再次，就詩學語境而言，選家選詩彰顯了編者的文學理論主張，用以對某一理論缺失進行糾偏補闕，或徑在選評本中展開詩學論爭與辨難。最後，就商業語境而言，民間書坊往往選中一些通俗的、實用的宋詩總集進行刻印、出售，追求商業利潤，甚至不惜對總集改頭換面。當宋詩總集被用作蒙學教材時，其商業利潤往往很大。

The compilation of the Song Poetry collection by editors is not only a simple literary act but often comes from a clear motive of compilation and has a particular cultural generation mechanism and academic ecological environment. First of all, in terms of the political context, the ruler used the compilation of the literature collection to extol the current politics and forcefully promote the emperor’s thought of literary governance or mainstream poetics. In order to establish the model of poetry, the literati advocated the traditional poetry teaching of Confucianism to educate the readers. The survivors used it to express their political emotions. Secondly, in terms of the educational context, the song poetry collection can be used to reveal the way of writing, to guide beginners, or to entertain themselves or others. Thirdly, as far as the poetic context is concerned, the poetry selected by the poet shows the literary theory of the editor and is used to correct the deficiency of a particular theory or to launch poetic debates and disputes. Finally, as far as the commercial context is concerned, folk bookshops often select some popular and practical collections of Song Poems for printing and selling, pursuing commercial profits, even at the expense of changing the collection. When the song Poetry collection is used as teaching material, its commercial profit is often significant.