遠洋漁業條例評析

A Critique of Distant Water Fisheries Act

國際漁業法規制漁業資源養護及管理問題。國際漁業法中之一項重要制度是：國際漁業組織制度。許多國際漁業組織針對其所管轄的漁業資源，享有訂定養護及管理規定的權限，國際漁業組織的成員則有落實國際漁業組織所訂定漁業資源養護及管理規定之義務。另一方面，在國際漁業法的範疇中，發展出一系列打擊「違法、未報告及不受規範之捕魚」的規定，國際社會的國家皆有落實打擊「違法、未報告及不受規範之捕魚」之規定的義務。 一個國家在國內法領域中，應採取相關措施來落實國際漁業法。遠洋漁業條例的目的，在於落實我國參與國際漁業組織的規範以及打擊不受規範及違法捕魚的活動。但遠洋漁業條例中潛藏一些問題，應予檢討：遠洋漁業的意義、遠洋漁業條例適用的範圍、國際漁業組織規範的執行辦法，以及遠洋漁業作業許可。遠洋漁業條例是漁業法的特別法，本文從此立場來檢討前揭有關遠洋漁業條例的問題。此外，本文亦論述遠洋漁業條例中有關打擊不受規範及違法捕魚的規定。

International fisheries law regulates the issues of conservation and management of fisheries resources. International fisheries organization is one of the fundamental legal regimes established by the international fisheries law. Many of the international fisheries organizations enjoy a competence to make provisions regulating conservation and management of fisheries resources. Member states of the international fisheries organizations are obliged to implement the provisions made by the fisheries organizations. In the field of the international fisheries law, some treaty laws are emerging to combat the so-called illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. States in the international community shall take related measures in the domestic realm to implement the international fisheries law. The purpose of Distant Water Fisheries Act is to implement the legal regimes of the international fisheries organizations that bind on Taiwan, and to combat the unregulated and illegal fishing activities. Some issues pertaining to Distant Water Fisheries Act need to be addressed. They are as follows: definition of distant water fisheries, sphere of application of Distant Water Fisheries Act, regulations to implement the law of international fisheries organizations, and permit for distant water fisheries. Distant Water Fisheries Act is a lex special is in relation to Fisheries Law. Based on this presupposition, the aforesaid issues will be examined. This article will also illustrate the provisions for combating the unregulated and illegal fishing contained in Distant Water Fisheries Act.