臺中市弱勢人口公共運輸服務缺口分析

Identifying Spatial Gaps in Public Transport for Vulnerable Populations in Taichung

本研究探討臺中市公共運輸服務資源供給與需求之差距造成的服務缺口。在供給上，以現有公車、鐵路等服務資源的資料為分析基礎；在需求上，本研究鎖定對於公共運輸需求較為強烈的弱勢人口，包括老年人、學生、中低收入戶與身心障礙者，以此兩種資料的分析來尋找臺中市的公共運輸服務缺口，並透過田野調查及質性訪談的方式，釐清缺口區弱勢人口的生活樣貌。研究結果發現，臺中市位於山區與海區的行政區，弱勢人口需求較強，但運輸服務供給程度較低，這導致缺口多分布於偏僻的山區與海區。研究同時發現缺乏便利的運輸服務導致這些地區弱勢人口的安全、健康與生活品質均受到限制，因此如何改善缺口區公共運輸服務，以朝向運輸正義極其緊迫。

This study explores the spatial gaps in public transport caused by the gap between the supply and demand of public transport service resources in Taichung. On the supply side, the analysis is based on the data about buses and railways service. On the demand side, this study targets vulnerable populations with strong demand of public transport, including the elderly, the students, the low-income households and the population with disabilities. By way of calculating the gap between the supply index and the demand index, this study analyzes the distribution characters of the spatial gaps in public transport. Also, we conducted field work and some qualitative interviews with key persons living in the gap areas to clarify the impact of the lack of transportation services on residents’ lives. The results show that the old city center of Taichung has the highest supply level of transportation services, while the statistical areas located in Mountainous and Sea districts with more vulnerable people have lower supply level. The study also finds that the lack of accessible transport services has limited the safety, health and quality of life of vulnerable populations in these gap areas, so how to improve public transport services here in order to move towards transport justice is extremely urgent.