新自由主義下AI與民主的角力

The Struggle Between Democracy and AI Under Neoliberalism

在民主運行健全的社會裡誕生茁壯的AI，與在民主實踐出了嚴重差錯因而呈現富豪寡頭壟斷的社會中誕生茁壯的AI，兩者在本質及意義上有天壤之別。在二十一世紀的此刻，主宰人類未來的AI是在一個民主實踐出了嚴重差錯、富豪寡頭壟斷猖獗的背景下成長茁壯的科技。民主的衰退與掠奪式AI的興起背後有著共同的推手，即新自由主義。本文探究AI崛起背後的新自由主義結構，溯及二十世紀中芝加哥學派所精心設計之法律經濟學，並進一步檢視半世紀後，獲得AI加持的進化版新自由主義如何異業結盟，透過科技壟斷、金融壟斷、生物剽竊等手段著手進行終極宰制。

AI developed in healthy democratic societies bears little resem-blance to that developed in plutocracies or oligarchies. The AI that has thrived in the 21st Century rose to prominence from within a pluto-cratic and oligarchic global system that privileges the very few at the top. In this article, I argue that neoliberalism is a key driving force be-hind both the decline of democracy and the rise of predatory AI. The article traces the monopoly power of Big Tech to the Chicago School of Economics that rose to prominence in the mid-20th Century, its pe-culiar understanding of monopoly, and its incubation of“Law and Eco-nomics”as a sub-discipline of law. As a consequence of such maneuver-ing, AI technology today, combined with neoliberal business models, is highly monopolistic and predatory. To illustrate the exploitative nature of AI in our era, the article investigates the way that AI has enhanced bio-piracy and finance monopoly through big data and the employment of algorithms.