傳染HIV 罪的公衛倫理與共同責任

The Public Ethics and Shared Responsibility of Criminal Transmission of HIV

性健康權指陳人人有權享有最高標準之性健康與生殖健康，不僅是免於疾病或虛弱，更是獲得性愉悅與安全的性經驗之可能。然而在忌性與歧視的文化下，公共衛生藉以不傷害原則與父權主義之名而防治HIV，甚以刑事制裁感染者的性活動、忽視感染者的性愉悅、強調感染者的個人防治責任。此經國際組織批評，刑事制裁沒有達到公共衛生目的，並且呼籲共同責任之觀念。我國愛滋防治政策未見有對條例第21條的公開論證與道德理由，實有改善空間。本文認為，傳染HIV罪未能通過倫理檢驗則應刪除，並應反思忌性文化下的公衛模式的謬誤、正視個人與社群的性慾與性文化、強化人民共同責任的意識。

The right to sexual health states that everyone is entitled to thehighest standard of sexual and reproductive health, not only fromdisease or infirmity, but also from the possibility of sexual pleasure andsafe sexual experiences. However, in a culture of sexual taboo anddiscrimination, public health uses the principle of non-maleficence andpatriarchy to prevent and treat HIV in the name of criminal sanctionsagainst sexual activity, neglect of sexual pleasure, and emphasis on thepersonal responsibility of the infected person. This has been criticizedby international organizations as a criminal sanction that fails to achievepublic health objectives and calls for the concept of sharedresponsibility. There is no public justification or moral justification forArticle 21 in our country's HIV prevention and treatment policy, sothere is room for improvement. This paper argues that the crime of HIVtransmission should be removed if it fails to pass the ethical test, and that it should reflect on the fallacy of the public health model under thetaboo culture, address the sexual desire and culture of individuals andcommunities, and strengthen people's sense of shared responsibility.