公私部門資訊共享與偵查不公開之界限

金融機構等私部門常須面對洗錢、資恐及資助武器擴散等犯罪之威脅，倘其等能理解並遵循國際規範，將更有效防制犯罪者之濫用，故公私部門資訊共享，協力防制犯罪，即具重要性，而可疑交易報告可說是二者間資訊共享之主要客體。我國為落實FATF建議，於洗錢防制法規定可疑交易申報制度，倘經金融情報中心分析可疑交易報告結果，有可能成立犯罪，而須轉送執法機關偵辦者，該申報資訊即轉換成偵查資訊，應受到刑事訴訟法偵查不公開原則規範。然在防制洗錢、打擊資恐及資助武器擴散目的下，偵查不公開原則如何平衡及兼顧各種利益，讓公私部門適時為資訊共享，即行重要。就此議題他國如何處理，殊值作為我國建置該制度之參考。故本文嘗試先介紹國際規範與他國資訊共享制度，次評析我國偵查不公開規範，最後自我國可疑交易資訊共享現況出發，審酌與偵查不公開之界限，並參酌國際規範與他國制度後，提出若干芻議，供作擬定我國相關制度或修法之參考，以強化公私部門協力合作。

Financial institutions as such private sector often face threats of money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing crimes. If the above institution may understand and obey international regulations, it would much facilitate preventing relevant criminals’ abuses. Public-private sectors’ information sharing and collective efforts for crime prevention are thus significant, especially suspicious transaction report as the main object in between. Following the recommendations of FATF, it is ruled in ROC Anti-money Laundering Law that it should be regulated under the principle of secret investigation within the Criminal Procedure Law if it has been analyzed and indicated by the financial intelligence center as suspicious transaction report, more likely constitute a crime, and further being investigated by law enforcement authorities. Nonetheless, it is essential to balance and take into account of various interests as well as sharing information between public and private sectors for the principle of secret investigation under the purposes of anti-money laundering, counter terrorist financing and proliferation financing. In addition, the relevant practices of other states are referred in order to develop this regulation for the government. Hence, this study attempts to introduce international norms and other states’ information sharing practices, and then evaluates the principle of secret investigation of my state. Last but not least, it assesses the limits of secret investigation principle with a basis of ROC suspicious transaction report, as well as making suggestions for related amendments after inferring to international regulations and other states’ practices, in order to strengthen public- private sectors’ cooperation.