「贅詞」出現率作為口語表達能力的一項指標──兼論語用學在語言教學的應用

Redundant Words as an Index of Oral Communication Ability: An Application of Pragmatics to Language Teaching

本研究以創新的角度來看待大學生口語發表時的「贅詞」現象，提出贅詞可以作為評量口語表現的客觀指標之一。語用學的研究發現，贅詞各有其語用功能。本研究透過「國音與口語傳達」課程的設計，分析學生的口語資料發現，贅詞的出現率與學生的口語表現有相關：作為填詞功能的「然後」與理論的正確度呈現負相關；表示強調與結論的「就是」出現越高，同儕的評分就越低。可見贅詞可以視為學生對講述內容的信心程度，若教師洞察贅詞反映的認知現象，在評論學生口語表現時就不會提出「少說贅詞」的建議。本研究對於口語教學的啟發是，語用學對贅詞的研究可以讓教師看見在贅詞這個語言表象下，學生對其述說內容的信心，給予學生口語表現的實質建議。

The present study proposes that redundant words often found in college students’ presentations can serve as an index of oral communication ability. By analyzing the data collected from a Chinese Phonetics and Oral Communication course, the redundancies were found to not only carry pragmatic functions but also reflect the cognition of the speakers. ''Jiushi'' serves as a pragmatic function to emphasize and to conclude, and ''ranhou'' bears the pragmatic function of pause fillers. The results show a mild correlation between the frequency of redundant words used and students’ oral performance. The more ''jiushi'' were found in the students’ production, the lower their grades were given by their peers. Similarly, the more ''ranhou'' used in students’ presentations, the less confident the students were in presenting the content. As instructors are aware of the real cause of using redundant words, ''cutting down redundancies'' would be the last suggestion a teacher would offer the students.