我國政法教育的變遷與展望

Changes and Prospects of Political Science and Law Education in China

政法教育形成于1950年代，基于鞏固新生政權的需要，它為政法工作培養專門幹部。與政法工作強調政治性一樣，政法教育是強調政治性的法學教育，非常重視黨的政治路線和組織紀律教育。改革開放後，法學教育日趨強調專業化、職業化。20世紀80年代，仍繼續強調政治性。這與當時的社會治安形勢及“嚴打”刑事政策有一定關係。1990年代以後，政治性在政法教育中日漸淡出，法學教育趨向服務市場經濟的專業化。新時代的治國理政，在法治領域創造了一系列新實踐，法治思維和法治方式運用深入政治領域，國家和社會治理廣泛納入全面依法治國範疇，涉外法治深度關聯國際政治、國際關係。這些實踐造就了強調政治性的大法治工作格局，對法學教育提出了新要求，催生了新政法教育。黨內法規學、紀檢監察學、國家安全學、社會治理法學等新學科應運而生，人權法學、知識產權法學等學科應需更新。新政法教育與專業化法學教育并行，擴展了法學教育的領地。

Political science and law education was formed in the 1950s. Based on the need of consolidating the new political power, which trains special personnel for political and legal work. As political and legal work emphasizes politics, political science and law education is a legal education that emphasizes politics, and attaches great importance to the education of the Party’ s political line and organizational discipline. After the reform and opening up, legal education has increasingly emphasized specialization and professionalization. However, in the 1980s, it continued to emphasize politics, which was related to the social security situation and the criminal policy of Crack-down Campaign against Crime at that time. Since the 1990s, politics has gradually faded out in political science and law education, and legal education has moved towards the professional road of serving the market economy. The governance in the new era has created a series of new practices in the field of rule of law. The thinking and mode of rule of law are applied in the political field. National and social governance has been widely incorporated into the scope of comprehensively administering the country according to law. The rule of law concerning foreign affairs is deeply related to international politics and international relations. These practices have created a great rule of law work pattern emphasizing politics, put forward new requirements for legal education, and gave birth to a new political science and law education. New disciplines such as CPC law, discipline inspection and supervision, national security and social governance law came into being, and disciplines such as human rights law and intellectual property law developed with social needs. The new political science and law education and specialized legal education go hand in hand, expanding the territory of legal education.