論國際法之新武器法律審查制度──以自主武器系統為中心

A Study on the Legal Review Process of New Weapons under International Law－With Special Focus on Autonomous Weapon Systems

隨著人工智慧技術的發展，新世代的科技軍備競賽已經展開。近期備受國際關注的自主武器系統，不僅改變了戰爭的格局與型態，更對既有的國際法框架帶來新的衝擊與挑戰。本文概述自主武器系統在全球的應用現況，以及國際社會對其發展的正反評價。面對人工智慧武器已是無法阻擋的趨勢，為了確保自主武器系統的使用符合國際法規範的要求，或許透過「第一附加議定書」第36 條「新武器法律審查制度」的建立與執行，可以作為超越國際監管的手段，以求在科技發展、軍事利益及國際人道法的實踐之間找到折衷的平衡。

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the race for new generation of armed technology has begun. Autonomous weapon systems that have attracted attention worldwide have not only changed the scope and nature of warfare, but also created new impact and challenges to the existing international legal framework. This article summarizes the current status of the autonomous weapon systems being applied across the world, and examines the positive and negative viewpoints from the international community. In light of the unstoppable trend of artificial intelligence weapons, henceforth in an effort to ensure the use of autonomous weapon systems meet the requirements of international laws and regulations, the fundamental thinking here is - By establishing and implementing the“New Weapons Legal Review Process”in Article 36 of Additional Protocol I, this could supersede international supervision and control. As such, the intention is to strike a balance between technological development, military interests, and the practice of International Humanitarian Law.