據象鬬戰或騎象入京？──南方女主的譜系建構與其文學敘事

Riding through the Imperial City Gate on an Elephant's Back: Women Rulers of the South in Literary Imagination

「女主」是歷史上為數不多卻形象鮮明且被賦予豐富意涵的一種女性角色。本文主張，若考慮與王朝維持羈縻關係的土司制度，則南方的女土司亦可納入歷史上的女主的範圍。明清時期，「南方女主」在文人的敘事中已形成譜系，其中女主與女酋的形象縱橫交錯。女主不只具有政治意涵，本文從不同類型的文本，包括史傳、筆記、文學以及視覺意象，討論文學與文化中的女主形象如何透過修辭而形成，又牽涉何種歷史文化的脈絡。

Since Lien- sheng Yang published his seminal work ''Female Rulers in China,'' much research has been done on dowagers and empresses of imperial dynasties who held political power in place of their sons or husbands. In the south and southwest, however, women rulers have been common instead of exceptional. Known as nü tusi, or female chieftains, women rulers of the local non-Han peoples during the Ming-Qing period received attention from literati because they challenged Confucian social norms. The Chinese literati made a genealogy of women rulers of the south, representing them in various types of texts, including historical records, miscellaneous notes, gazetteers, fictions and pictorial images. This article will examine some examples to discuss how the images of women rulers of the south were formed rhetorically in their historical contexts.