臺閩客潮曲牌一曲多版本的多元詮釋：以箏曲【靠山】、【寄生草】、【將軍令】、【大八板】為例

On the Multiple Versions of Qupais in Taiwan, Minnan, Hakka and Chaozhou Regions: A Case Study on ''Kaoshan,'' ''Jishengcao,'' ''Jiangjunling,'' and ''Dababan'' in the Context of Zheng Music

本文針對臺閩客潮箏樂脈絡中所流傳的曲牌進行比較，從音樂細節中探論民間樂種與箏樂曲目的供輸關係，研究個別曲牌在箏樂演奏上體現的多元詮釋及其變化樣式。從【靠山】、【寄生草】、【將軍令】、【大八板】等臺閩客潮樂種共用曲牌的比較中，探討箏樂演奏的形質差異。研究發現在眾多似同若異的曲牌之間，往往存在一些同質樣貌，亦同時發展出絲竹管色的各異特徵，出現了樂調的變異、內容交錯互文、曲體段落、展衍變奏、演奏技法及風格流變現象。正是這些箏樂演奏文本在曲體、樂調、樂句、技法與風格上的不同，形成箏樂一曲多版本的多元詮釋，各自展開傳衍。樂種的承載和藝人的演繹，使得曲牌的音聲表現多元異變，樣式不一而足，積累著豐厚的人文藝術資產，展現基於多元樂種風格的箏樂詮釋。

This study compares the qupais (titled tunes) for zheng music circulated in Taiwan, Minnan, Hakka, and Chaozhou regions. By looking into musical details, the author explores the interactions between folk music genres and zheng music works and investigates the diverse interpretations and formal variations of individual qupais in zheng performance. Moreover, the differences in zheng performance are also discussed by comparing the four shared qupais in the genres in Taiwan, Minnan, Hakka, and Chaozhou, namely: ''Kaoshan,'' ''Jishengcao,'' ''Jiangjunling,'' and ''Dababan.'' The analysis shows that while some homogeneity can usually be found among the wide range of similar but different qupais, these qupais have also evolved to appropriate distinct features in music. These developments involve variations in tune, intertextuality of the content, formal diversity, crafts for performance, playing techniques, and style. It is the performing texts of zheng music that lead to the differences in form, tonality, phrasing, technique, and style that constitute the diverse interpretations in the multiple versions for specific qupai, with each version being circulated and passed down separately. The acoustic representations of these qupais, diversified and variated in multiple forms, construct the heritage of music genres along with renditions by individual players. These pieces and versions are valuable cultural and artistic assets that embody zheng music interpretations grounded upon generic and stylistic diversity.