我國半總統制下政府類型、總統權力與立法效能

Government Type, President's Power and the Effectiveness of Law Making under Taiwan's Semi-Presidentialism

憲政體制的類型與立法效能的關係，向來為比較政治研究中兼具理論與實務的重要議題。我國的憲政體制在1997年修憲後，符合半總統制的制度定義，憲政運作因為總統、內閣與國會的三角關係而變得複雜。政府類型（一致政府或分立政府）與總統權力，成為影響立法效能的重要變數。本文比較陳水扁、馬英九、蔡英文（第一任期）三位總統任內，在不同的府院會關係中，立法院法案從一讀到完成三讀的狀況。此外，國防、兩岸、外交，慣稱為總統的專屬權力，是否在立法效能上也有特別的表現，也是本文關注的議題。依據實證研究，本文發現行政部門在分立政府時的提案率會提高，而總統專屬權力的法案通過率不分政府類型，並無明確的立法優勢。

The constitutional structure and the effectiveness of law-making are important issues in comparative politics. Taiwan has been considered as a semi-presidential system since 1997. The operation of this system is complex because of the triangle relations between the president, cabinet, and parliament. Government type (unified government or divided government) and president's power are two critical factors than can have impact on law-making. This article compares the effectiveness of law-making under Taiwan's three presidents, Shui-bian Chen, Ying-jeou Ma, and Ing-wen Tsai. Their terms exhibit different relations between the Executive Yuan and Legislative Yuan. The fields we concern about are president's power on national defense, foreign affairs, and the cross-strait relations.