睡眠障礙之性別差異

Gender Differences in Sleep Disorders

睡眠品質的好壞，在臨床上是相當重要的議題。隨著年紀增長，睡眠品質相對下降，高齡者失眠的比例逐年增加。失眠的引發原因諸多，進而影響臨床治療效果，尤其是女性更容易因身體賀爾蒙變化或更年期等因素，導致睡眠品質不良，進而造成睡眠障礙、疲倦等情形。因此，如何準確地針對不同群體，找到失眠的原因，並採取相應的對策，實為能否有效改善失眠的關鍵。本文將簡介兩項臨床睡眠障礙評估工具：匹茲堡睡眠品質量表、Epworth嗜睡量表，同時針對性別與臨床常見睡眠障礙相關之憂鬱症、夜間頻尿、阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症、婦女更年期症狀及不寧腿症候群等，所扮演的關鍵角色，進行綜合分析。

Sleep quality is a critical issue in clinical practice. Sleep quality deteriorates with age, and the proportion of elderly people who suffer from insomnia rises year after year. There are numerous causes of insomnia, each of which has an impact on the clinical treatment effect. Women, in particular, are predisposed to poor sleep quality as a result of factors such as hormonal changes in the body or menopause, which cause sleep disturbances and fatigue. As a result, understanding how to accurately identify the causes of insomnia in various populations and take appropriate countermeasures is critical for effective insomnia treatment. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale will be introduced in this article, as well as a comprehensive analysis of gender and clinically common sleep disturbance-related depression, nocturnal urinary frequency, obstructive sleep apnea, symptoms of female menopause, and restless legs syndrome.