關係人交易避稅，對所得稅費用估計品質的影響

The Effect of Tax Avoidance through Related Party Transactions on Tax Accrual Quality

本研究旨在探討關係人交易的避稅行為對所得稅費用估計品質的影響。本文利用移轉訂價策略；資本稀釋和低稅負國家或地區關係企業的設立作為關係人交易避稅的三個衡量，實證結果發現，企業的關係人進銷貨程度及國外投資架構中低稅負國家或地區比例愈高，對所得稅費用估計品質有顯著負向的影響。額外分析結果顯示，在我國所得稅法第 43 條之 2 反資本稀釋條款實施後，關係人借款程度對所得稅費用估計品質的負向影響顯著減少了。在其他額外測試上，考量關係人交易可能與一般商業活動相關，故本文亦將上述三個關係人交易衡量進行產業中位數調整，以試圖捕捉企業超於常規的關係人交易，實證結果仍支持本文原先的預期。

This study investigates the effect of tax avoidance through related party transactions on tax accrual quality. The tax avoidance behaviors in the study is measured respectively by transfer pricing strategy, thin capitalization, and establishment of the related companies in the tax havens. The results reveal that related party transactions of purchases/sales and the ratio of investing in tax havens altogether have a significantly negative effect on tax accrual quality. Moreover, the additional tests find that the negative impact of related party borrowing on tax accrual quality is attenuated upon the enactment of the anti-thin capitalization rules (i.e. article 43-2 of Income Tax Act) in Taiwan. Finally, as related-party transactions can be relevant to normal business activities, we adjust three measures of the tax avoidance behaviors based on the industry medians to control for abnormal related-party transactions. The results are robust to support the foregoing hypotheses.