我國食品安全風險管制之研究──以行政判斷過程中之風險評估為中心

A Thesis on Decision-making of Food Safety Policy in Taiwan: From the Risk Assessment of Administrative Judgment and Processes

系所名稱：政治法律學系 學位別：碩士 畢業學年：106年 指導教授：賴恆盈 食品對於人類而言，無疑是賴以維生的重要基礎，食品一旦遭受汙染或有安全上的疑慮，即可能對於人類產生健康的危險（害）或風險。相較於以往人類基本上得以透過外部感官或經驗感知來判定食品品質的情況，現代食品雖歸功於食品工業及技術的發達，而大幅提升了「吃」的便捷性，於此同時，卻也在「自農場至餐桌」的一系列食品供應過程中，產生了新型態的「人為」風險。傳統危險防止企圖透過「危險」作為干預權限發動之基礎的作法，在現代食品安全風險兼具「資訊不對等」以及「不確定性」雙重特性的現狀下，基於憲法上基本權保護義務的誡命，似有提前至風險階段即進行預防性措施的必要性，其中，有必要透過相應的「風險分析」程序予以落實。對此，作為風險分析之首要關卡的「風險評估」，即應透過適切的組織、人員與程序等制度，針對因食品所含有的生物性、化學性或物理性危險因子對民眾健康產生不利影響的可能性，依據科學優越性、獨立性及透明性之原則進行評估，以提供風險管理機關作為採取相關措施的基礎。準此，本文試圖以目前「功能分離型」與「組織分離型」二種評估類型的發展概況為參照基礎，就我國風險評估制度的現行設計以及後續司法審查所可能的因應之道提出建議。

Food is definitely an important basis for humans to live on, and it could lead to health hazard and risk to humans while being polluted or having some security concern. In contrast to past, humans were able to determine food quality through external sensory or empirical perception, modern food is greatly enhanced the convenience of diet gratitude to development of food industry and technology, but result in new type artificial risk during food supply processes in series of From Farm to Table. Those states that have traditional hazard prevention point of view attempt to use “hazard” as a way of the basis of intervention. Since modern food safety risk includes “information asymmetry” and “uncertainty” these two features, it is necessary to carry out precautionary measure forward when risk happens, on account of Obligation to Protect Fundamental Rights. And it is also necessary to make it into practice through Risk Analysis process. For this reason, to regard as the first step of risk analysis, Risk Assessment is through the appropriate organization, personnel and procedures and other systems, aiming at the biological, chemical or physical risk factors contained in food on the public health of the possibility and adverse effects, and assessing by science excellence, independence and transparency principles, to offer the competent authority as the basis for taking appropriate measures. Therefore, this thesis is going to consult two assessment model, functional separation and organizational separation, and its development profile, trying to make suggestions to the current design of the assessment system in our country and in response to subsequent judicial review.