基因選殖專利與侵害分析

Gene Cloning Related Patent and Infringement Analysis Thereof

系所名稱：法律學系在職專班法律專業組 學位別：碩士 畢業學年：99年 指導教授：范建得 基因選殖技術是一個在近代既令人眩目且位居要衝的生物技術，將會改變人類社會既有的秩序。專利是一種保護發明人及申請人的利益及權利的法律制度。當基因選殖技術與專利相遇時，就代表著生物技術、管理與法律的智慧結晶。一個人欲致力於相關工作時，必須保持開闊的心胸來接納快速變化的生物技術與法律。本論文將先介紹基因選殖技術、專利與專利侵權的基本概念。其次，更重要的是分析與基因選殖相關的數個專利案的申請專利範圍。再進一步評析若干內含細緻生技技術與專利侵權爭議的判決。最後，在進行上述案例的整合研究後，提出若干想法以供參考。與基因選殖相關的專利說明書係檢索自美國專利商標局，關鍵字採「基因」與「選殖」，並限制在專利標題中。因此檢索到自1976年以來的69篇說明書。另從Westlaw資料庫運用相關的關鍵字，從美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院暨聯邦地方法院檢索到72篇的判決。本論文即運用上述資源來進行解析。生物學界一般皆知生物技術的複雜，一般性的技術是無法事先知道是否或如何能成功使用在特定的情況上的。因此一個人若欲投入該領域就必須保持謙虛的態度，透過實驗證實的實施例找出所有的可能性來解釋兩個或以上的爭執案件，而不能僅依賴推論即做認定，以避免誤解該獨特技術的意義而誤導法院做出錯誤的判決。

Gene cloning, a fantastic and important biotechnology in modern days, will change the world of old order in human society. Patent is a law system for protecting the profit and right of inventor or assignee hereof. When gene cloning meets patent represents intellectual quintessence combining biotechnology and management and law. One who engages in related works must open his/her mind to accept fast change of biotech and law. The instant thesis will introduce basic concept of gene cloning and patent and patent infringement thereof. Moreover, more important is analysis of claims of several patents that the topic corresponding herewith gene cloning. Furthermore, the thesis will review few judgments pertaining to more delicate situation of tech dispute or patent right infringement. Ultimately, integration of all above will be presented to contribute some ideas after research on cases mentioned above.The specification of gene cloning related patents was retrieve from USPTO with the key word of “gene and cloning” and limited in patent title. 69 specifications were gained under such parameter since 1976. 72 cases of United States Courts of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and United States District Courts were acquired from Westlaw database under the key words similar to used for patent specification. The instant thesis just exploits such rich resource to proceed to interpret.It is well recognized that for complex biological processes a reference to known general techniques does not establish whether or how such techniques may be successfully adapted to a particular activity. Therefore, one who involves in such territory must humble to find out all possibility to explain two or more related disputed cases by embodiment appeared from experiment result, not by inference only, for fear of misunderstanding the unique biotech and resulting in misleading to erroneous judgment.