政治因素對刑事審判的影響——基於最高人民法院工作報告（1980-2016）的實證考察

Political factors influence on criminal trial - based on the report on the work of the supreme people's court(1980-2016), an empirical study

系所名稱：刑事法學院 學位別：碩士 畢業學年：105年 指導教授：王政勛 改革開放近40 年來社會的變遷與發展，深深的帶動和促進了刑事審判的發展變化，而最高人民法院工作報告即是其抽象概括與宏觀總結。在這其中，政治因素一直伴隨著刑事審判的演變和進步，指出刑事審判中存在政治因素的影響從而提出問題，並將其置於當下法教義學與社科法學的理論爭議背景下，選擇本文的立場：社科法學的視角，進而通過刑事審判的素材展開，挖掘兩者的關係與司法中的法理，最後需要界定刑事審判語境下政治因素的涵義，為後文的寫作做好鋪墊。通過實證考察可發現問題，選擇實證分析為本文的方法和最高人民法院工作報告為樣本，選取“嚴打”政策與刑事審判、“人才強國”戰略與審判隊伍建設、法治化思維與刑事審判三組變數，通過工作報告中體現出的變化關係，從而去發掘政治因素對刑事審判產生的影響。在前述基礎上分別對應工作報告的內容，就三組變數的關係詳細展開論述。“嚴打”政策對應刑事審判的依據問題；“人才強國”戰略對應刑事審判的主體問題；法治思維對應刑事審判怎麼審判的問題。從而闡述政治因素對於刑事審判的影響。“嚴打”政策分階段、有變化的實施，分別作用於刑事審判，影響到犯罪的認定與刑罰的裁量。“人才強國”戰略的逐步推進，刑事審判隊伍逐漸在充沛數量、優化品質方面不斷改進，以此保證了刑事審判的主體性支撐。新近自上而下高度重視法治化思維，刑事審判理應做好“排頭兵”，適法活動的法治化成為國家法治化的“風向標”與“溫度計”，審判思維的法治化革新將結果正義與程式正義密切相連，在最大程度上保障刑事審判的公平與正義。社會轉型到法治的軌道上來，刑事審判自當要排除法外干預、干涉，政治因素對刑事審判的影響合理轉化，符合司法規律進入審判視域，伴隨著當前司法改革的步伐，刑事政策呈現刑法化、審判隊伍趨向精英化、審判思維步入法治化，刑事審判走向規範化、文明化與正當化。

In nearly 40 years of reform and opening-up changes and development of the society, a deep drive and promote the development and change of the criminal trial, and report on the work of the supreme people's court is the abstract generalization and macro summary.In it, the political factor has been accompanied by the evolution of the criminal justice and progress, pointed out the influence of the political factors exist in the criminal trial to ask questions, and to place it in the present method of dogmatics of law and social sciences under the background of theoretical disputes, choose the position of this article: the perspective of social law,and then through the material of criminal trial, that the relationship between mining and justice of legal theory, the need to define the meaning of the context of criminal justice and political factors, for the later writing.Through empirical investigation can be found that the problem, choose the method of empirical analysis for this article and the supreme people's court work report for the samples, select 'strike hard' policy and the criminal trial, the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development and trial team construction, under the rule of law thinking and criminal justice three sets of variables, through the work report reflects the change of the relationship, and to explore the effects of political factors on the criminal trial.On the basis of the foregoing respectively corresponding to the content of the work report, the relationship between three groups of variables will be discussed in detail.'Strike hard' policy corresponding criminal trial on the basis of problems;'People power' strategy corresponding to the body of the criminal justice problems;The rule of law thinking how corresponding criminal justice trial problem.Thus in this paper, the political factors effect on the criminal trial.'Strike hard' policy in stages, with the implementation of the change, respectively applied to criminal trial, affect the cognizance of crime and penalty discretion.'People power' strategy of gradual, criminal trial team gradually in abundant quantity, optimize the quality of continuous improvement, to ensure the subjectivity of criminal trial.New top-down thinking, attaches great importance to the legalization of criminal trial is supposed to be 'vanguard', optimum method of activity and 'barometer' the country under the rule of law and rule by law 'thermometer', under the rule of law judge of the thinking of innovation to the justice and procedural justice is closely linked, in the largest extent, ensure fairness and justice in a criminal trial.Social transformation to the track of the rule of law, criminal trial model to outside intervention, intervention of exclusions political factors influence on criminal trial reasonable transformation, conform to the law of justice into the trial horizon, along with the pace of the current judicial reform, the present criminal law, criminal policy tendency, trial team elite, trial thinking into the rule of law, criminal justice toward standardization, civilized and legitimation.