台灣地區個人債務清理法制研究——兼談對中國大陸個人破產法制建構之借鑒

ON CONSUMERS INSOLVENCY LAW OF TAIWAN AND THE FUTURE OF INDIVIDUAL BANKRUPTCY SYSTEM IN CHINA

系所名稱：經濟法學系所 學位別：博士 畢業學年：102年 指導教授：李曙光 晚近由於經濟發展、消費型態之變更，隨著信用制度之擴大發展，企業法人亦或自然人負擔多重債務而無力清償之情形已成為嚴重的問題。由於在公元 2006 年台灣地區發生了“卡債風暴”，信用卡、現金卡呆帳暴增，造成不法集團非法討債而引發卡債族逃債、燒炭自殺等社會問題。台灣地區於2008年施行的《消費者債務清理條例》對於消費者債務清理問題有別於既有舊法制，設計了一套量身訂作的還債機制，透過“法院外前置協商”、“更生”、“清算”等機制，以求達到個人經濟生活“重生”之目的，希望能夠解決“雙卡風暴”所帶來的卡債問題和社會問題，幫助經濟上陷於困境之債務人重新出發。然而，《消費者債務清理條例》畢竟是為了快速因應社會問題而生的過渡性立法，形成過程中力求效率，難以面面俱到，所以新法施行3年後，卡債問題仍未獲得解決。因此，台灣地區於2012年就《消費者債務清理條例》進行重大修正，希望能提升施行成效。本文主要就台灣地區《消費者債務清理條例》的構造，亦即前置協商程序、更生程序、清算程序的規定，進行分析與檢討，同時也將介紹美國和日本的個人債務清理制度。此外，本文將深入分析研究目前法院實際運作的《消費者債務清理條例》所發生的核准債務人聲請更生或清算之比例偏低的嚴重問題，以期能提供一些解決卡債問題之方法，並提出一些建議。有鑒於台灣地區及中國大陸就個人債務清理法制的討論仍處於初始階段，本文擬透過分析台灣地區《消費者債務清理條例》之相關制度，期待能作為中國大陸未來建構個人破產法制之比較參考。

During the recent years, because of the development of economy and credit system, enterprise legal person or natural person undertake multiple debt and are unable to pay their debts which has become a serious problem. Due to the occurrence of the“credit card debt storm” in Taiwan in 2006, the irrecoverable loans, credit cards, or cash cards have explosively increased, resulting in illegal duns, which cause card debtors to flee the creditors, commit suicide, and bring about many social problems.The Consumers Insolvency Act of Taiwan, which was enacted in 2008 April, has brought insolvency law of this country into a new era. In the public’s eager anticipation, it was rapidly passed in the hope of coping with the consumer debt, providing open channels of communication for the creditor and the debtor and helping insolvency debtors get back on their feet. This Act deals with the problems of consumers’ insolvency through the “Rehabilitation”, “Liquidation” and other mechanisms.However, The Consumers Insolvency Act of Taiwan was a transitional legislation which is made to efficiently respond to social problems; therefore the legislative process is too rushed to cover many problems. Despite the new law has been in effect over three years, the card debt problem is still not resolved. Accordingly, The Consumers Insolvency Act of Taiwan was made a major revision of in 2012, hoping to enhance the effectiveness of the implementation.This thesis mainly on the structure of the Consumer Insolvency Act of Taiwan, which including the pre-stage consultation procedure, rehabilitation procedure, and liquidation procedure ,and also introduces the individual insolvency law or the bankruptcy law of United States and Japan. Furthermore, this thesis will discuss the current practices of the Consumer Insolvency Act in-depth analysis, in the hope of providing some suggestions and solutions to card debts and the questions related to the Consumer Insolvency Act .Since the issues of the individual insolvency law in Taiwan and China are also new and important ,this article analyze the Consumer Insolvency Law of Taiwan ,and expect to establish more perfect legal system of individual bankruptcy in the future for China.